Walnut is an excellent dried fruit tree species. Its large roots and canopy have functions of preventing wind and sand, maintaining water and soil, and beautifying the environment. Its fruit is rich in nutrients, contains fat, protein, vitamins and trace elements necessary for the human body. The significant and long-lasting ecological benefits are the first choice for people in the mountainous areas to shake off poverty and become rich. As the saying goes, the "three-point seven-point pipe" of fruit trees has low survival rate, low preserving rate, irregular plant patches, poor plant growth, low yield, large and small phenomenon, pest damage, and premature aging of tree vigor. Not due to extensive management. Walnuts, like other fruit trees, have a direct impact on fruit production and quality in the coming year.
Soil, fertilizer and water management
Unsuccessful trees deep-flip the soil and build tree trays after falling leaves and before the soil is frozen. The depth is generally 20-25 cm. Basal fertilizers are mainly organic fertilizers with a maturity of 25 to 50 kg per plant, and 2 to 5 kg of superphosphate can also be added. When fertilizing, ring gully can be applied, that is, 20-40 cm wide and 30 cm deep ditch around the circumference of the canopy. The topsoil and the soil and soil are placed separately. After the well is dug, the fertilizer is filled in, and then the surface soil is filled. Evenly, fill in the appropriate amount of soil and ground with the original ground level.
After the initial result tree is fallen, the soil is deep-frozen before the soil is frozen, and a tree tray and a young tree are constructed. Each plant applied 30 to 50 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and added 2~5 kg of superphosphate. When fertilizing, it is possible to use strip groove method. Between walnut trees or between plants, separate parallel fertilization channels along the opposite sides of the crown edge. The width of the groove is 20-40 cm and the depth is 30 cm. The length is determined according to the size of the crown. . After mixing the fertilizer and the topsoil, fill the ground with the original ground. Pay attention to the location of the trench to be changed every year.
The saplings are managed after the fallen leaves of the fruit trees and before the soil is frozen. Schiff base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and each plant applies 50-80 kg, and it also uses 2-5 kg ​​of superphosphate. When fertilizing, radial fertilization can be used. From the trunk, dig 3 to 6 grooves 20 to 40 centimeters deep and 30 centimeters deep at a certain distance from the inside of the tree trunk. Deepen from the inside to the outside, dig it well, and mix fertilizer and topsoil. Evenly fill in, and finally fill it with the original soil to level with the original ground. Be careful to change the position of the ditch every year.
Water after fertilization to facilitate the absorption of fertilizer.
Trim plastic and rejuvenation
The pruning of young trees is mainly to cultivate good tree skeletons, lay a good foundation, and quickly expand the canopy, prompting early results and early high yields. The commonly used tree shape is the sparse layered shape of the crown. The center of the tree is obviously dry. It is set to be 80 centimeters in diameter, with 6 to 8 main branches. It is divided into 3 layers and is placed on top of the center. The spacing between the first and second layers 80 centimeters, the second and third layer spacing 70 centimeters, the first and second layers of the main branch choose to leave two lateral branches, the third main branch choose to leave 1 to 2 lateral branches.
The initial result tree was trimmed and the walnut trees were introduced into the early fruit period 2 to 3 years or 5 to 6 years after planting. The main task of this period of pruning is to continue the cultivation of the main and lateral branches according to the requirements of the tree, so that the skeleton is firm, the growth is balanced, and the results are organized in groups. This period of walnut trees should be strictly controlled behind the branches, as much as possible to stay in the auxiliary support to supplement the space, increase early production. For the pruning of auxiliary branches, they must be strong and weak, or they should be put together first, shrink and combine to make them more effective.
The pruning of fruit trees during full fruiting period is mainly to regulate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of trees. When culturing the shoots, the pruning method of "putting back and shrinking first" and "removing the back branches and leaving oblique branches" can be used, and the leggy shoots in this period can be appropriately cultured as the result branches to prolong the full fruit period. During this period of pruning, special care should be taken to prevent the resulting parts from shifting outwards, resulting in baldness of the internal malleolus. Therefore, when the main branch does not need to be extended, it can be replaced repeatedly to prevent outward expansion. Results The branches and branches should be combined in a large, medium and small configuration with even distribution, so that large branches and branches are distributed on the inside, small on the outside, under the trees, and less on the trees. The crown is not dense on the outside and inside is not empty. The medium and long-term fruiting groups have strong results and should not be short-cut.
The renewal and rejuvenation of the tree during the aging period The walnut tree branch was dry and severe, the peripheral branch growth was significantly reduced, the crown was shrunk, and there was a large number of "focal tip" phenomena. The yield was significantly reduced and even the harvest was not achieved. This period should be updated and rejuvenated in a timely manner.
When the rejuvenation is updated, the main branch can be selected to be robust, and 50 to 100 cm in length can be reserved. After the remaining branches are sawn off, 2 to 3 robust branches selected and maintained at each main branch are cultivated into primary lateral branches. Branches can also be updated. Branches of large and medium-sized debilitated groups are retracted to their strong branches to promote new branches; small-sized branches are weak and strong, and new strong branches and legged branches in the crown remain as cultivated as possible. All kinds of sticks. It is also possible to perform collateral renewal. On each main branch to be preserved, select from 2 to 3 appropriate lateral branches, and in each branch, the lower part of the lateral branch has a strong frontal branch or upper cutting.
Young walnut tree cold
Due to the large pith heart, high water content, and poor cold resistance, walnut branches tend to suffer freezing injury in areas that are cold and arid in the north, causing dried branches. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal growth of young trees and prevent the occurrence of frost damage, winter cold work should be strengthened to reduce the hazards. After the walnut trees are defoliated from 1 to 2 years (generally from mid-November to early December), measures against cold can be taken. The most commonly used and most effective method is to protect the cold by burying the soil, that is, bending the entire tree to the opposite side of the grafting interface, covering the soil by 30 cm, and removing the covering soil before germination after soil thawing in the coming year.
Some cold-tolerant cultivars may still suffer from freezing injury when their tree vigor is relatively large. At this time, it is not suitable for the burial soil to resist cold, and polyvinyl alcohol may be applied to the lateral branches or new branches. The polyvinyl alcohol and water are generally tanned in a ratio of 1:15 to 20, and the water is first heated to about 50° C., then polyvinyl alcohol is added (it cannot be boiled before it is added, otherwise the polyvinyl alcohol cannot be completely dissolved. The solution is not uniform), with stirring and stirring, until boiling, and then use the slow fire brewing 20 ~ 30 minutes. Wait until the temperature drops until it is hot.
In addition, it is also possible to use a 10 cm wide plastic cloth strip to wrap the branches in the early winter, or to build soil and protect the cold before the soil is frozen.
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