After sowing and planting vegetables, in order to meet their growth and development, a large amount of topdressing is often required, and the topdressing amount generally accounts for 1/3 or more of the total amount of fertilizer applied during the whole growing period of the crop. The pros and cons of several commonly used topdressing methods are described below for reference by farmers.
First, flushing. When watering vegetables, a certain amount of fertilizer is sprinkled in the ditch, and after dissolution, it infiltrates into the soil around the root of the crop.
This method is more wasteful because the fertilizer is leaking and leaking in the channel, and in the deep soil that cannot be reached by the root system of the field crop, part of the fertilizer may also be infiltrated to cause waste. Its advantages are that it is simple to use, saves time and labor, and has little labor. This method can be used when the source of fertilizer is sufficient, the area of ​​the vegetable field is large, and labor conflicts are prominent. In addition, it can be used as a top-dressing method when there is severe deficiency of fertilizer in large areas of vegetables.
Second, appendage. After the crop is finished or after the rain, when the soil is suitable and can be applied to the field, a certain amount of fertilizer is applied to the crops or the rows of crops.
This fertilization method is relatively simple, but there is still a part of the fertilizer will lose volatilization, especially the ammonium bicarbonate is very volatile, this method can not be used. Ammonium sulphate, urea and potassium sulphate can be applied, but only if the operation is not convenient in the field and the crop needs fertility.
Third, buried facilities. In the intercropping of plants or between rows, digging or digging, a certain amount of chemical fertilizers are applied and then filled with soil.
This method is less fertilizer waste, the most economical, but labor-intensive, labor-intensive, and inconvenient operation, but also pay attention to the safety of the application, buried fertilizer trenches, pits from the crop stem base more than 10 cm, if you are too close to the root It is easy to damage the root system. Due to concentration and concentration of fertilizers, this method should not be used during the summer when crops grow vigorously and require more water, and it cannot be used during the critical period of crop water requirements. Generally in the winter season, when the labor force is sufficient and the crop growth is not large, this method can be used to gradually decompose the fertilizer applied and continue to supply crops. However, in actual production, the peak of crop growth often requires a lot of fertilizer and water, so the buried method is often used when the temperature is high. In order to prevent negative effects, it is necessary to water after burial, so that the fertilizer concentration of buried plants will be reduced.
Fourth, facilities topdressing. In recent years, with the development of vegetable production technology in protected areas, the drip irrigation technology that is matched with it has been widely used, making the fertilization method on the track of automation. The specific method of using drip irrigation facilities for top dressing is to install a fertilizing device at the place where the water source enters the drip irrigation pipe, dissolve the chemical fertilizer in the fertilizing device, insert the drip irrigation pipe into the suction pipe filter of the fertilizer device, and the fertilizer can automatically enter the crop roots along with the water. In the soil.
Due to mulching, the fertilizer is almost non-volatile and lossless. The fertilizer applied by this method is concentrated around the roots of the crop, but the concentration is small, so it is safe, labor-saving, and effective. This is currently a more scientific and fertile top-dressing method with a very broad prospect of development. It is only necessary to carry out strict plastic film coverage, and it must be equipped with drip irrigation and tap water equipment before it can be used.
Fifth, top dressing. Outside the top dressing is foliar spray fertilizer. In the cultivation of vegetables in the facility, due to the environment created by human beings is more convenient to meet the requirements of the crops on the environmental conditions, the vegetables show the characteristics of rapid growth, high yield, and many results. Apart from paying attention to timely top dressing, the management can also be combined with sprays to perform extra-root fertilizers in order to supplement crops with nutrients.
This method is a cost-effective fertilization method because it requires less fertilizer and has a quicker fertilizer effect to prevent the fertilizer from being fixed by the soil. It is more effective when used in the absence of obvious nutrients and the roots are senescent in the later stages of crop growth. Apart from urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, compound fertilizer and other commonly used large-scale element fertilizers, the fertilizers used for dressing fertilizers outside the roots have been developed by many manufacturers in recent years for a large number of elements suitable for foliar spraying. Trace elements or fertilizers containing a variety of amino acids have certain effects, such as spray pens, plant protection hormones, and farm music. However, it must be explained that the basic nutrients needed for the growth and development of vegetables are mainly derived from basal fertilizers and other fertilizers that are applied top-up. Extra-root fertilizers can only be used as an auxiliary measure.
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