The influence of the body development characteristics of egg breeder on the performance of production measures the body shape development standards of egg breeders. Skeletons are the first limiting factor, and body weight is the second limiting factor. In the production, the length and body weight of the breeder are used as specific indicators. The growth rate of chicken's bones and body weight is different. The bones grow rapidly within 10 weeks. Skeletons of 8 weeks old chicks have been completed 75%, and 12 weeks old have completed more than 90%, while the weight reaches the highest point at 36 weeks old. The development of body shape has a direct impact on the production performance. For birds with long-term weight and lighter weight, the egg weight is small at the early stage of laying, and the egg production rate rises slowly. In the case of egg production or serious prolapse of the anus, the rate of death is high. If the length and weight of the animal are not up to the standard, it means that the brooding has failed to grow and the production time is prolonged. At least 1 to 2 weeks may be postponed and 3 to 3 may be postponed. In 4 weeks, the egg production peaks of egg breeders were not up to standard, so that the production volume was reduced and the hatching plan could not be arranged, which had a great impact on economic efficiency.
Management measures for body shape development control According to the developmental characteristics of body shape, it is necessary to focus on the growth of pupal growth before 8 weeks of age and the growth of pupal length and body weight of 8 to 12 weeks of age in the rearing management, in an effort to make the pecking length of the flock evener. More than 90%, weight uniformity of more than 80%.
High-nutrient brooding chicks have rapid growth and metabolism, but they have small stomach volume and low digestibility. They are often affected by stress changes such as temperature changes, immunity, medication, and severe rickets, affecting feed intake and body shape development. Therefore, in the early brooding period (0 to 4 weeks old), the diet should be carefully prepared so that the actual dietary nutrient level reaches 12.5 to 12.9 MJ/kg, crude protein 20% to 22%, methionine 0.45%, and sulfur. Amino acid 0.8%, lysine 1.15%, and to ensure the supply of calcium, phosphorus and other mineral trace elements and a variety of vitamins. This not only helps the chicks to form a good skeletal system, but also contributes to the formation of an effective immune system and promotes the growth of feathers so that the length and weight of the chicks can reach the standard in advance.
Timely clustering and timely adjustment of nutrition levels According to the body development characteristics and body structure of chicks, it is best to perform clustering three times at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12-16 weeks of age. The specific method is to pick out birds below 10% of average body weight at 4 weeks of age, and to select birds that are below or above 10% of standard weight at 8 weeks of age and 12 to 16 weeks of age for individual rearing. For chickens with a 4 week old body weight value below 10% of the average value, feeding to the early brooding feed until 8 weeks of age, other chickens can be exchanged for the late brooding period, and the actual nutritional level requirement is not lower than the metabolic energy of 11.9 megajoules. / kg, crude protein 19%, methionine 0.42%, lysine 1.10%, other nutrients unchanged, fed to 8 to 10 weeks of age.
If 0 to 4 weeks of age are used for high-nutrition brooding, generally 8 weeks of age, the fleas can reach the standard, or even exceed the standard. At this time, young chickens with a weight exceeding the standard should be immediately fed with young chicken feed; for chickens whose body weight is not up to the standard, feeding is continued until the 10th week of brooding, but no later than 12 weeks of age, and the amount of multivitamin is increased. .
For the group management of 8 to 12 weeks old chickens, Prof. Shan Chonghao and others proposed a graded management method, that is, for chickens exceeding the standard and exceeding the standards and exceeding the weight of the birds, reducing the amount of feeding (5 grams each time) or using young chickens Material, metabolic energy reduced by 44 kcal/kg. The closed chicken house was exposed to intermittent light (opened for 15 minutes and turned off for 45 minutes), so that the chicken naturally reduced feed intake. If the temperature is adjusted automatically, the temperature can be increased from 1°C to 2°C, and the feeding amount can be reduced by 2 to 4 grams. The number of feedings can also be reduced, for example, 1 feeding a day, 5 grams less, or feeding. 7 days for 1 day, choline chloride 500 g/ton was added to the feed. For chickens with long-standing and unqualified birds, feeding broodstock or adding 1% crude protein, or adding 2% fat, add 7 days for 7 days. For chickens whose length is lower than the standard and whose weight exceeds the standard, use brooding material at the end of the period to increase multidimensional factors, plus 500 g/ton of choline chloride, and reduce the metabolizable energy of 44 kcal/kg. For flock length and weight lower than the standard, the flock was fed with the pre-broodstock feed for 2 weeks, and then changed to the post-broodstock feed, according to the breed's feeding guidelines (manuals) for management.
Egg feeding research data proves that the growth period of reserved hens (14 to 20 weeks old) is most sensitive to dietary energy concentrations. Therefore, for 12 to 16-week-old children whose body weight is not up to standard, an effective measure to regulate their growth is to adjust energy. Ingestion; When the body weight exceeds the standard, increase the daily metabolic energy level, and add 0.5% to 2% of fat in the diet.
Regulation of controlled maturation maturation is achieved by post-bred maturation and in conjunction with appropriate lighting protocols. When the body weight is up to standard, the lowest level of metabolizable energy and crude protein are given to the 14-16 weeks old chicken to prevent the sexual maturity of the hen from being advanced. Illumination is very important for sexual maturity. As a result of extended lighting, sexual maturity is advanced, and shortening delays sexual maturity. Different lighting schemes have a significant impact on sexual maturity.
For open-houses that use natural light, in order to avoid prolonged natural light after 12 weeks of age, the longest sunshine duration from 0 to 20 weeks is often used as a constant light time, combined with natural light that diminishes after 12 weeks of age. In order to control the sexual maturity of the chicken. However, premature birth may occur if the light is not less than 13 hours during the late growth period (14 to 20 weeks of age). Therefore, light stimulation should be performed according to the specific circumstances. First, the body weight is suitable for opening weight; Second, the natural egg production rate reaches 5%; Third, the light-type layer chickens have not seen eggs until 20 weeks of age. At the beginning of the light stimulation, the parent material should be converted into the pre-production material (containing 2% calcium) or high-producing egg material in time to meet the nutritional needs of the egg production.
In short, as far as modern modern laying hen breeds are concerned, it is no longer a matter of brooding, breeding stage, and nutritional adjustment based on the age or age of the broiler. Instead, it is based on the degree of body development. It is mainly weight.
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