Livestock and poultry protection against cold and post-freezing feeding management
Since January 13, 2008, the temperature in the mountainous areas of northern Guangdong province has dropped sharply. The cold mountain areas have been as low as -3°C to -5°C, and there have been freezing and rainy weather with the lowest temperature and longest duration in nearly 80 years. In order to understand the situation of livestock and poultry as soon as possible and put forward timely management measures after the disaster, relevant experts of our school visited the site on February 14 to 15 under the leadership of Vice President Chen Zhiqiang to understand the disaster situation. As of February 13, the direct economic loss of animal husbandry in Shaoguan City, northern Guangdong Province, reached 28.84 million yuan during the freezing disaster. The total number of frozen livestock and poultry reached 250,000 heads (only), including 556 cattle and 1.28 pigs. Ten thousand, 233,000 poultry, and the number of dead animals seems to increase.
First, the disaster situation and analysis
According to the local pig raising and poultry raising association's reflection and the author’s team’s field survey in Huaping Town and Paradise Town of Hanjiang District, the family rearing households were able to take care of the animals with little care, and they basically did not die, but they were slightly scaled. The field suffered heavy losses. The disaster on the farms is mainly due to the fact that the sows are milkless, lean, and rough; the suckling piglets are of different sizes, diarrhea, pluck, tremble and die until death; the nursery piglets are rough, emaciated, pursed and trembling. After the piglets were crushed, the piglets were killed; the medium and large pigs were rough and trembling. The disaster of the chicken farm was manifested in the fluffy feathers of chicks and chickens, and the spirits were depressed and died. The chickens in the medium-sized chicken were depressed and the chicken farms without insulation measures died more. The disaster in the duck farm is similar to that in the chicken farm.
Analysis of Causes of Farm Disasters
1. The lack of awareness of the seriousness of the frozen disaster and inadequate insulation measures. At the beginning of the drop in temperature, the Bureau of Animal Husbandry of the local Bureau of Agriculture repeatedly reminded all the farms to pay attention, but the vast majority of the farms did not care. They did not realize that the duration of the freezing disaster was so long, the temperature was so low, and the humidity was so low. Large enough to prepare enough thermal insulation facilities. Most of the farms only rely on electricity to keep warm. There are no or few other insulation measures such as litter, charcoal, coal, etc. However, due to the large power consumption, the line is difficult to withstand or outside the line. In the event of a blackout, most of them are still unable to meet the insulation requirements.
2. The design of columns is irrational. Many farms only consider that the local temperature in the four seasons has been high, without considering the cold weather factors. In order to reduce investment, the construction of the barracks is simple and there are only asbestos roofs at the top of the bar, and there is only a one-meter-high wall around the bar. When the temperature is as low as -3°C, only a single layer of plastic film is used to make a circle around the pens. There are no ceiling partitions. The size holes on the plastic film are everywhere, and the pigs will die together to escape the thief's wind and cause death.
3. Feeding management is irrational. Most of the farms did not change the feed formula according to the nutritional characteristics of the pigs in the winter, resulting in insufficient energy for feeding, and the total amount was insufficient. In order to reduce the amount of labor required to clean the barn, some breeders even washed and rinsed the bar with cold water even in freezing weather. Pigs; Some farms do not pay attention to disinfection measures, and there is no standard immunization program.
These human factors have aggravated the loss of this frozen disaster.
Second, livestock and poultry cold-proof anti-freeze emergency measures
Due to the different physiological characteristics of different breeds of livestock and their different resistance to cold, there are differences in the measures against cold and frost. Only by doing a good job in preventing cold and heat and sanitation and epidemic prevention, adjusting feed formulas in time, adopting appropriate feeding and management measures, and enhancing the constitution and disease resistance of livestock and poultry can fully protect livestock and poultry against cold and freezing.
1. Do a good job of raising and stocking livestock and poultry. The cold weather is bad for livestock and poultry. The disease resistance of livestock and poultry is declining, and it is easy to infect and even die, which also has a great impact on the post-disaster recovery of production. Therefore, it is recommended that the household raise the stocked animals into the house for captivity.
2. Do a good job of insulation and ventilation in the house
(1) Raise the Shev temperature: Increase the house temperature using infrared lamps, electric heating plates, braziers, coal stoves (pipes must not leak), etc. (eg newborn piglets 36 °C, suckling piglets 34 °C, nursery piglets 30 °C, other pigs 22 °C) Close the perimeter and appropriate height ceiling with straw or thick plastic film to prevent thunder.
(2) Keeping the house dry: In the cold season, it is not suitable to flush the bar. Straw, wood shavings or sawdust can be used as litter in the bar. (3) Keep the air in the house fresh: use the top of the ventilation, timely ventilation, so that the air inside the house is fresh.
3. Strengthen feeding management to improve the resistance of livestock and poultry
(1) Timely adjustment of feed formulation, increase of energy feed supply, proper addition of anti-stress additives such as vitamins and minerals, and improvement of livestock anti-freeze and disease prevention capabilities.
(2) Pay attention to the quality of feed and do not feed mildew and frozen feed.
(3) Scientific Feeding: The temperature of feedstuffs and drinking water is the same as Sherwin's temperature to prevent diarrhoea; for adequate feed, it is necessary to feed it once at night to enhance the resistance.
(4) Properly control the breeding density to prevent the occurrence of respiratory diseases.
(5) Strengthen the feeding and management of young animals and breeding stocks to prevent the occurrence of young livestock diseases and miscarriage.
(6) Reducing the time spent on draught animals (such as oxen) outside the house, paying attention to antifreeze and anti-skid, and strengthening feeding and management.
4. Strengthen disease prevention and control and do a good job of disease diagnosis and treatment
(1) Do a good job of vaccination work according to the immunization plan, focusing on the prevention and control of infectious diseases such as bird flu, chicken gizzards, blue ear disease, swine flu, infectious gastroenteritis, epidemic diarrhea, swine fever and foot-and-mouth disease. .
(2) Properly add antibacterial and anti-insect health drugs to the feed to reduce the occurrence of bacteria and parasitic diseases. You can also add ginger juice and sugar water in your drinking water to increase your ability to keep out cold.
(3) Strengthen the epidemic prevention and sanitation measures. Control the access of foreigners and vehicles, strictly implement sanitation and disinfection measures for accessing personnel and vehicles; livestock and poultry adopt a “full-in, full-out†management system; and livestock and poultry from different sources and batches cannot be polycultured to prevent disease transmission.
(4) Cooperate with the local animal husbandry and veterinary departments to do a good job in disease surveillance and antibody monitoring. Diseased livestock and poultry should be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. When an abnormal death occurs, they should report to the veterinary epidemic prevention department in time for assistance and guidance. Forbidden consumption of diseased and dead livestock and poultry, lime or deep incineration or other measures should be taken to prevent the disease from spreading.
(5) The use of regular manufacturers of drugs and vaccines; doses of drugs and vaccines should be sufficient, but not excessive; treatment cycle must be guaranteed; do not use the state illegal drugs, direct attention to livestock and poultry should be taken to eat, Prevent drug residues.
5. Make preparations for post-disaster rehabilitation in advance
Under freezing conditions, pathogenic microorganisms have a longer survival period. In the south, once the weather warms up and the humid climate conditions, bacteria, viruses and other diseases are prone to occur. At this time, it is during the period when a large number of households make up the bar that they are prone to paralysis. Therefore, in the post-disaster rehabilitation work, the work of sanitation and epidemic prevention will be a top priority. Producers should clean up and disinfect the interior and exterior environment, properly handle the excrement and litter, pay attention to the introduction of seedlings from healthy breeding poultry farms, and do a good job in immunization and sanitation and epidemic prevention. management.
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