Camellia main disease prevention and treatment
The main diseases and their prevention?
anthrax
[Causes and Symptoms] The disease is caused by the infection of Camellia leaves with Colletotrichum gloeosporoides. This is the main disease of camellia, with an incidence of 33%. Most of the illnesses occur on the leaf margins, leaf tips and veins. The dark green markings appeared at the beginning and gradually expanded into irregular large classes. The color changed from brown to black, and when it was serious, it could spread to the entire leaf, causing a large amount of fallen leaves.
[Incursion] The occurrence of the disease is closely related to temperature and temperature. The general incidence of suitable temperature is 25 ~ 28 °C. When the temperature is appropriate and the humidity increases, especially during continuous rainfall, the spread and development of the disease can be promoted. The disease usually begins in April, and the disease peaks from June to July. After September, the disease tends to stop. ?
[control methods]
1 thoroughly remove the diseased leaf.
2 Cut off dead branches in winter.
3 Before the onset of each year, spray 1% Bordeaux solution once every two weeks.
4 Spray once per week with a 600-fold solution of chlorothalonil and spray 3 to 4 times continuously.
5 to strengthen the cultivation and management, scientific weeding and fertilization. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers may be added in the spring and a 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution may be sprayed before the leaves are deployed.
Algae disease
[Causes and Symptoms] The disease is caused by parasitic rust algae (Cephaleuros virescens). Lesions can appear on both sides of the leaf, but mainly on the leaf surface. In the initial stage, the needle-like shape was a gray-green dot, and gradually expanded radially outward to form a nearly circular or irregular lesion. The lesions bulge prominently, with fine-striped felt on the surface. The color of late lesions changed from grayish green to dark brown. Because of the coverage of pathogens, the photosynthesis of leaf surface is affected, and thus the plant growth of tea plants is weakened. ?
[Pathogenesis] Parasitic algae live in winter in parasitic tissues with filamentous vegetative organisms, and they produce zoospores in wet conditions. The spores invade new plants and cause them to become ill. The pathogen is a very weak parasite. Under conditions of high temperature and high temperature, Camellia oleifera, which grows poorly due to poor ventilation and light transmission, occurs most seriously. ?
[control methods]
1 to strengthen the cultivation and management, rational fertilization, timely pruning, to avoid the too shady woodland Camellia, air ventilation, in order to enhance the Camellia resistance.
2 can use 0.2% ~ 0.5% copper sulfate solution spray control.
Dead branches
[Causes and Symptoms] A disease caused by a fungal shoot (Glomerella cingulata) infecting shoots or old branches of camellia. The affected branches became necrotic, and the leaves changed from green to yellowish, gradually withering from the top, and finally the whole shoot tip died of dryness. ?
[Incursion] The occurrence of the disease is that, as the spring temperature rises, the pathogenic bacteria in the dead trees overwinter gradually ripen, drifting with the wind to nearby camellia shoots, from sprouts, twig wounds, leaves Traces, grafts or pruning wounds, etc., invade the tea tree, and multiply. ?
[control methods]
1 Cut off the dead branches in winter and concentrate on burning them.
2 Remove useless adventitious buds and thin and weak branches to reduce pathogenic germplasm sites.
3 Isolation of diseased plants.
4 Before the budding shoots of the camellia plant, use fungicides such as thiophanate-methyl, thiram, and chlorothalonil to spray them, especially to ensure that the spraying of the wounds on the shoots.
5 more phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, less nitrogen fertilizer.
Root rot
[Causes and Symptoms] The disease is caused by a variety of pathogenic fungi, among which Phytophthora cinnamoni, Cylindrocladium crotalariae, and Armillaria are the most common, and they are mainly infecting the root of Camellia. The roots of the affected plants were rotted and darkened, the leaves turned yellow, the tip fell dead, flower buds fell, and the plants gradually withered and died.
】 ã€Pathogenesis pathogenic bacteria sclerotia in the soil or diseased plants overwintering. In the spring of the following year, when the temperature and humidity are appropriate, the sclerotium germination line spreads in the soil and invades the roots of the plants. The higher the temperature, the higher the incidence. ?
[control methods]
1 In time, the diseased plants and the nearby soil with bacteria should be excavated, and the soil around the diseased plants should be sterilized with 1% copper sulfate solution to prevent the spread of pathogens.
2 Keep the soil well drained and prevent the water in the cultivation area.
3 Select tea varieties with strong disease resistance for cultivation.
Red leaf spot (rice blight)
[Causes and Symptoms] The disease is caused by fungi of the genus Phyllosticta sp. Lesions mostly occur on tender leaves, beginning with light brown round spots. After the spread of lesions, the color changes from light brown to tan, and sometimes even several disease classes synthesize larger plaques or spread over the entire leaf, causing a large amount of coking and shedding of the leaves. ?
ã€Pathogenesis】 The pathogen is living on the host's diseased body. Spores are transmitted through wind and rain. Diseases usually start from May, and the incidence peaks from July to September, and the affected leaves are largely shedding. ?
[control methods]
1 In the early stage of disease, 70% thiophanate-methyl 1 000-1500 times, or 25% sterilization Dan 400 times, can be sprayed for prevention and treatment.
2 In drought, water spray may be added to the blade to suppress the occurrence of disease.
Flower rot
[Causes and Symptoms] The disease is caused by a flower rot fungus (Giborinia camelliae Kohn) infecting the petals. The victim’s flower first appeared as a small brown spot, and then gradually enlarged until the entire flower became brown and withered. ?
ã€Pathogenesis】 Flower rot fungi can form sclerotia at the pedicel, and their spores can spread with the wind. Fall is generally lower in autumn. From December to March of the following year, with the increase of temperature, the damage rate of flowers increased. ?
[control methods]
1 When it is found that the flowers of Camellia infected with the disease are removed, they should be promptly removed and burned. Especially during the flowering period, it is necessary to timely clean the sick flowers that fall on the ground.
2 before the flowering, can be used fungicides, such as carbendazim, spraying buds 2 to 3 times.
More than 3 selected planted fall flowering Camellia varieties, or gibberellin treatment of late flowering varieties, so that the autumn flowering, in order to escape the peak of Camellia flower rot fungus.
4 using biological control methods. The soil was inoculated with two fungi, Sporidesmium sclerotivorum and Coniotnyrium minitans, to kill pathogen spores.
5 Do not buy and cultivate flower bud rot plant.
Bitcoal coal disease
[Causes and Symptoms] The disease is induced by aphids and scale insects. The surface of the damaged camellia leaf is covered with a layer of mycelium of pathogenic bacteria, forming a black "bituminous coal" layer, which hinders the normal photosynthesis and gas exchange of the camellia plant, and seriously hinders its growth and development. ?
[Influence] The pathogenic bacteria prefers low-temperature and high-humidity environmental conditions, and temperature conditions of 10 to 20°C are most suitable for the growth of pathogens. In this temperature range, the higher the temperature, the faster the propagation of the germs will spread. Long-term weeds, high humidity, and poor light camellia forest are conducive to the occurrence and spread of diseases. ?
[Control methods] The pests that cause bituminous coal diseases are mainly aphids and roundworms. Therefore, in order to prevent and control this disease, we must first control the aphids and scale insects of camellia. The pests are destroyed and the disease is eliminated naturally. Specific methods can be found in the following section on "Main Insect Pests and Their Prevention" in the prevention and control of aphids and scale insects.
Chinese red date/slice
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