New Yinhui is a new generation of hybrid melon varieties developed by Yinhui. It was produced by Taiwan Zhaochun Enterprise Co., Ltd. and introduced to the market by Fujian Nongjia Seed Co., Ltd. The city began testing this variety in 2000, following two to three years of trials. This variety is not only suitable for early spring conservation planting but also thrives in summer and autumn cultivation. It exhibits high yield, strong disease resistance, and excellent commercial traits, particularly with a high level of resistance to wilt disease, and it does not easily decline in later growth stages. Due to its favorable performance, it has gained popularity among melon farmers. According to rough estimates, the area planted with New Yinhui during the summer and autumn seasons this year reached over 33 hectares, resulting in high economic returns due to premium prices. Below are the key techniques for summer and autumn cultivation that can serve as a reference for local farmers.
1. **Characteristics and Economic Benefits**
This variety demonstrates strong growth vigor and is primarily characterized by the Sun Manggua type. It has high resistance to wilt disease and is less prone to premature aging. The growth cycle for summer and autumn sowing is approximately 65–70 days. Seeds are typically sown in mid to late July, transplanted in mid-August, and harvested in mid-September. The harvesting period lasts about 28 days, with 4–5 batches of fruits collected. Most harvests occur by late September or early October. The melons are flat and round, with a silvery white skin, light yellow flesh, and crisp, fragrant, sweet flesh. The central sugar content ranges from 15% to 17%. A single melon weighs around 400 grams, with some reaching up to 800 grams. The yield is between 1,500 and 1,800 kg per mu (667 square meters). At an average wholesale price of 1.8 yuan per kilogram, the net income after deducting costs can reach 2,000 to 3,000 yuan, making it a highly profitable crop.
2. **Cultivation Techniques**
2.1 **Strong Seedling Cultivation**
In the local area, seedlings are usually raised in mid-July using small shaded sheds near the designated melon field. Nutrient bags are commonly used for growing strong seedlings. The nutrient soil is made from fertile garden soil or uncultivated rice fields, mixed with 500 kg of topsoil and 10 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. After sieving, the mixture is packed into nutrient bags. Seeds are soaked in warm water (30°C) for 7–8 hours, then washed and germinated indoors using clean cotton gauze. They are rinsed 1–2 times during germination until two-thirds of the seeds sprout. Then, one seed is sown per bag at a depth of 0.5 cm. The seedlings typically emerge within 4–5 days. During the nursery stage, proper ventilation and watering are essential to maintain optimal temperature and humidity.
2.2 **Base Fertilizer Application**
Choose deep, fertile, well-drained sandy loam soil. Prior to planting, 1,500 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 50 kg of 45% compound fertilizer, and 75 kg of lime are spread per mu and incorporated into the soil. Two to three days before transplanting, apply 5 kg of urea, 20 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 1–1.5 kg of borax, and 10 kg of phoxim or thiosulfuron to disinfect the soil. The field should be leveled, with a ridge width of 1.8–2 m and a ditch width of 20 cm, and a height of 20–25 cm. The surface should be smooth and fine. Apply 150–200 ml of 48% diammonium EC diluted in 50–60 kg of water per mu to treat the soil and cover it with plastic film.
2.3 **Timely Transplanting**
Transplant when the seedlings are about 15 days old, or when they have 2 true leaves. Transplanting should be done 7–8 days before hardening off. Water the seedlings the day before transplanting to make soil handling easier. Plant one row per ridge, spacing plants 50–60 cm apart, with about 600–700 plants per mu. Mix 600 times dilution of 50% carbendazim or cockerson with decomposed urine water and use it for root development. Cover the soil evenly after planting.
2.4 **Field Management**
2.4.1 **Timely Pruning and Topdressing**
Once the seedlings have 4 true leaves, prune them to keep 4 healthy vines and guide them evenly. When the vines reach 18–20 true leaves, perform topping, leaving 3–4 sun vines. Place the first melon on the vine, keeping 2–3 leaflets before the fruit. Each plant can carry 4–5 melons. Remove excess vines, flower buds, old leaves, and diseased leaves to reduce nutrient loss, increase fruit setting, and promote fruit expansion. Also, improve air circulation and light penetration to reduce disease occurrence. Three rounds of topdressing are applied during the growing period:
- First topdressing: 15 days after planting, using 0.5% ternary compound fertilizer and 10% decomposed human urine.
- Second topdressing: when the first batch of fruits begins to set, use 1% ternary compound fertilizer and 15% decomposed urine.
- Third topdressing: after the second batch of fruits set, apply 1% ternary compound fertilizer and 20% decomposed urine.
2.4.2 **Disease and Pest Control**
Prevention is key. Spray protective fungicides like Jinggangmycin or chlorothalonil 2–3 days before transplanting. In the early stages of downy mildew, spray 72% Kocide at 800–1,000 times or 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc at 500 times. For the initial stages of epidemic disease, use 800 times liquid schizophrenia or 600 times liquid antivirus scorpion. For aphids and melon pests, spray 2000–2500 times imidacloprid solution or 2500 times 5% fipronil or 3000 times 1.8% efford. In the middle and late stages, add 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% borax for foliar feeding.
2.5 **Timely Harvesting**
From pollination to harvest, it takes about 28 days. Ensure proper care during melon development, including regular turning to ensure even color and quality. Harvest when the melon emits a scent and shows signs of maturity. Stop spraying pesticides and foliar fertilizers 7–10 days before harvest to ensure the fruit is safe and ready for market.
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