Autumn tomatoes are often affected by a variety of diseases that lead to fruit rot, making it essential to implement proper prevention and control measures. Among the most common causes are bacterial and fungal infections, which can significantly impact yield and quality.
One such issue is soft rot, caused by bacteria that primarily affect the stems and fruits. When the fruit becomes infected, the skin appears bright and firm at first, but the inner flesh gradually becomes soft and rotten. Once the fruit ruptures, it emits a foul odor and may fall off easily. After drying, the affected fruit turns white and stale. To manage this disease, it's important to spray the plants with 72% streptomycin sulfate soluble powder diluted at 4000 times or 70% dexamethasone at 1000 times. These treatments should be applied once every 8–10 days, depending on the severity of the infection.
Another problem is brown spot rot, a fungal disease that typically affects nearly mature fruits. The initial symptoms include light-brown spots on the top or shoulders of the fruit, which later develop into concentric rings and turn dark brown. The surface becomes rough, and as the fruit softens, a gray mold layer may appear. To control this, apply 25% propiconazole at 800–1000 times dilution or 75% chlorothalonil at 600–800 times. Spraying should be done every 7–8 days, with 2–3 applications recommended for effective management.
Anthracnose, caused by a fungus, is another major concern. The pathogen infects the fruit before it changes color, and after a period of incubation, small transparent spots appear. These spots grow larger, turn black, and slightly sink. The lesions often have a distinct concentric ring pattern. In moist conditions, red, sticky substances may ooze from the affected areas. To prevent anthracnose, use 80% mancozeb at 800 times dilution or 50% carbendazim at 500 times. Apply these solutions once every 8–10 days during the green fruit stage, and repeat the treatment twice to effectively stop disease progression.
By understanding these diseases and implementing timely control strategies, farmers can protect their autumn tomato crops and ensure better yields and quality. Regular monitoring, proper irrigation, and good field hygiene also play a crucial role in preventing the spread of these pathogens.
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