Roundworm, also known as dry bulb disease, dry rot, or black spot, is a fungal infection belonging to the phylum Fungi, specifically Deuteromycotina. It is characterized by its mycelial structure and spore production. This pathogen primarily affects mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, and even white fungus, causing significant damage during the fruiting stage.
In terms of symptoms, roundworm typically does not infect the mycelium but targets the fruiting body. The disease spreads quickly and has a strong invasive capacity. If infected before the primordium forms, it leads to the development of gray-white tissue blocks that are dry and cannot differentiate into a stipe or cap. These tissues do not exude juice and may emit a foul odor. When young mushrooms are affected, the pathogen's mycelium invades the core of the fruiting body, causing the base of the stalk to swell abnormally and turn brown, with the outer layer cracking. Meanwhile, the cap grows slowly, becomes distorted, and the mushroom appears weak and rigid. In later stages, the cap develops irregular brown spots that gradually expand into depressions, filled with conidia from the mold. The stalk thickens and turns brown, while the outer layer splits. The mushroom becomes deformed, without rotting or an odor, eventually drying out and dying. Upon cutting, the internal tissue appears yellow-brown, dry, and loose. From infection to the appearance of brown lesions, the disease takes approximately 14 days to develop.
In addition to affecting mushrooms, the pathogen can cause Trepontica trichodiosis, which results in shortened ear bases, dark brown discoloration, and small, shriveled ears that resemble cauliflower. Some parts of the ear base may contract, while others continue to open. Under moist conditions, a white mold rapidly develops on the surface, consisting of spores and conidia of the pathogen.
The causative agent of dry rot thrives in soil and air, with optimal growth at around 22°C. At temperatures below 12°C, the pathogen is less active and rarely causes visible symptoms. The conidia often clump together, spreading through mushrooms, flies, and contaminated tools or surfaces. They can also enter the growing area through culture materials and soil. Initial infections usually come from spores surviving in the environment, while rapid spread occurs via human movement, air currents, insects, and splashing water. High temperature, poor ventilation, and high humidity in the growing room create ideal conditions for the disease to develop.
To prevent and control the disease, several measures should be taken. First, in areas with high incidence, after placing the spawn bags in the shed or covering the beds with Coprinus comatus and Agaricus bisporus, it is important to spray a 500-fold dilution of mildew net liquid on the cultivation beds, frames, floors, and walls for prevention. Second, as soon as symptoms appear, stop watering and lower the temperature to 15°C or below. Apply a 2% formaldehyde solution and a 1:500 dilution of gentian violet solution around the mushrooms, repeating the treatment as needed. If the infection is severe, remove all affected mushrooms, stop watering, and ensure proper ventilation and drying. After burning the infected material, apply the solutions again to suppress further spread. Third, thoroughly clean all tools, materials, and surfaces with a 500-fold dilution of mildew net liquid, and implement strict pest control to prevent insects from entering the growing area. Ensure good ventilation and eliminate toxic gases before starting the next cultivation cycle.
Fluorine-Containing Methylbenzene
Fluorine-Containing Methylbenzene products can be used as herbicides in the manufacture controlling wheat fields, cotton fields and other broadleaf weeds and perennial weeds. It can also be used in the manufacture of antipsychotics drugs.
The Fluorine-Containing Methylbenzene products must be kept under seal, once exposed to light will immediately cause discoloration. It should also be stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse, away from fire and heat. Compartment temperature should not exceed 30 ℃. And make the appropriate technical measures for fire and explosion. Products will Decomposition by high fever and emit toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluorid. Due to ts vapor is heavier than air, it can spread from low place to far away places. In case of fire conditions, should not fire with water. In case of a small amount of leakage should be evenly sprayed with dilute hydrochloric acid. In case of large spills should build a causeway or trenching asylum. The transfer pump to tankers or exclusive collector, recycling or shipped to the waste disposal sites.
Containing Methylbenzene, 5-Fluoro-3-Nitrotoluene,2-Bromo-5-Fluorobenzotrifluoride
Taizhou Volsen Chemical Co., Ltd. , https://www.volsenchem.com