Cherry gum disease, also known as flowing gum disease, is a common and serious condition affecting cherry trees. It typically begins in early spring when infected branches start to exude a white, transparent, gel-like substance. Affected areas may become slightly swollen, with the bark and xylem underneath turning brown and rotting. In addition, other pathogens often colonize these damaged regions. As the disease progresses, the tree's overall health declines, leading to reduced growth, lower fruit production, and eventually, tree death if left untreated.
The disease usually becomes noticeable in June, and its severity increases during the rainy season after harvest. The level of gum exudation is closely related to the tree's vitality—trees with weaker vigor are more susceptible. The pathogen spreads through wind and rain, entering the tree through wounds or lateral buds. The infection has a latent period, meaning symptoms may not appear immediately after infection. There are two peak periods for the disease each year: late May to early June, and late August to early September.
Causes of the disease include various factors such as diseases, insect pests, frost damage, sunburn, mechanical injuries, and wounds. Common diseases that can lead to gum disease in cherries include root rot, dry rot, anthracnose, scab, and bacterial canker. Insect pests like fruit flies can also contribute to the problem. Additionally, improper agricultural practices—such as excessive pruning, incorrect fertilization, overwatering or underwatering, and poor soil structure—can disrupt the tree’s physiological balance and make it more prone to gum disease.
To manage this issue effectively, several control measures should be taken:
1. After applying antifreeze and autumn leaf fall, apply white antifreeze promptly. When making lime wash, add a small amount of salt to enhance its effectiveness.
2. Avoid mechanical or human-induced injuries during field operations. When pruning, remove overlapping or crossing branches to prevent friction and injury. Use pruning ladders instead of climbing trees to avoid damaging the bark.
3. Improve tree health by increasing organic fertilizer use, enhancing resistance, and avoiding planting on heavy clay soils. Ensure proper drainage, and after heavy rains or irrigation, loosen the soil promptly to improve aeration and soil quality.
4. For branches already showing gum exudation, carefully scrape away the affected area and then apply a lime sulfur mixture to the wound to prevent further infection.
By implementing these strategies, growers can significantly reduce the impact of cherry gum disease and maintain healthier, more productive orchards.
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