Eggplant should not be replanted in the same soil for long periods, as it can lead to a buildup of soil-borne diseases such as yellow wilt, fusarium wilt, bacterial blight, and root-knot nematodes. In recent years, farmers in Shouguang and surrounding areas have started using grafting techniques to replace the rootstock, which helps control these diseases effectively. After grafting, eggplants show improved characteristics: their skin becomes darker and more uniform in color, individual fruit weight increases, and overall commercial quality improves significantly. Additionally, grafted eggplants are better at absorbing water and nutrients, leading to faster growth, stronger stress resistance, and higher yields.
Grafting methods include old bud grafting and seedling grafting, each with its own advantages. In Mafan Village, located in Shengcheng Street, Shouguang City, many vegetable farmers have adopted grafting to manage plant diseases. From practical experience, grafted eggplants are vigorous and resilient. Even during rainy seasons, they remain largely unaffected by diseases like verticillium wilt or bacterial wilt. The once-feared root-knot nematodes seem to have disappeared. However, recently, some farmers noticed yellow and green mottling on the leaves of their eggplants, raising concerns about potential viral infections.
According to local farmers, two main factors contribute to the spread of viral diseases: transmission by whiteflies and aphids, and the use of old buds for grafting. Many believe that the latter is the primary cause, as they’ve observed that plants grafted with old buds tend to develop virus symptoms more frequently. Some farmers wonder why grafted and non-grafted plants in their area don’t always show the same results.
After consulting experts, it was suggested that using old buds for grafting might indeed increase the risk of viral infections. One theory is that grafted eggplants grown outside greenhouses are more vulnerable to whitefly infestations, which can carry viruses. Once infected, the virus may remain dormant until environmental conditions trigger its expression. Another farmer believes that plants grafted with old buds are weaker and more susceptible to viral attacks.
To address this issue, experts recommend immediate preventive measures:
1. Cultivate strong, healthy seedlings by regularly applying diluted solutions of harvest or nutrient-rich products containing calcium, zinc, and other essential micronutrients. This helps enhance plant resilience and reduce the chance of infection.
2. Implement effective pest control strategies to prevent whiteflies and aphids from spreading the virus. Use insect nets, imidacloprid, or other suitable insecticides to keep pests at bay.
3. In the early stages of a viral outbreak, apply antiviral agents such as triacontanol, virus A, pyrimidimemycin, leaflet enemy, or virus net to manage the disease effectively.
By following these steps, farmers can better protect their crops and ensure healthier, more productive eggplant plants.
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