Eggplant should not be replanted in the same area repeatedly. In recent years, Shouguang and surrounding regions have started using grafting techniques to replace roots and control soil-borne diseases like yellow wilt, fusarium wilt, blue mold, and root-knot nematodes. After grafting, eggplants show a deeper color, more uniform appearance, increased single fruit weight, and significantly improved commercial quality. Moreover, grafted eggplants have stronger water and nutrient absorption capabilities, leading to faster growth, better stress resistance, and a notable increase in yield. Grafting can be done through two methods: old bud grafting and seedling grafting, each with its own advantages.
In Mafan Village, located in Shengcheng Street, Shouguang City, many vegetable farmers have adopted grafting to prevent and control various diseases. From practical experience, grafted eggplants are highly competitive, showing strong growth even during rainy periods. They are largely unaffected by diseases such as verticillium wilt or bacterial wilt. Even root-knot nematodes, which once troubled local growers, seem to have disappeared. Besides the favorable weather, the plants are producing well, but some farmers have noticed yellowing and mottled leaves on the upper parts of the eggplant plants. This has raised concerns about viral diseases among many farmers.
According to reports from local farmers, there are two main causes for the spread of viral diseases: one is transmission through whiteflies and aphids, and the other is the use of old buds for grafting. Both factors can lead to the occurrence of virus disease. Many farmers believe the second reason is more common in their villages, as they have observed that viral diseases often occur when old buds are used for grafting, regardless of whether the seedlings were grafted or not. Is there an explanation for this?
After consulting with experts, it was confirmed that using old buds for grafting may indeed contribute to the spread of viral diseases. It’s possible that many grafted eggplants are grown outside greenhouses, where whiteflies cause serious damage, allowing viruses to remain latent. Once the plant grows and conditions become favorable, the virus becomes active and symptoms appear. Another farmer believes that eggplants grafted with old buds are weaker and more prone to viral infections.
Therefore, experts recommend taking immediate action to prevent and control viral diseases:
1. First, cultivate strong plant varieties and regularly spray solutions diluted to 800 times, including those containing trace elements like calcium and zinc. This helps enhance plant resistance, promote healthy growth, and reduce the risk of infection.
2. Implement effective pest control measures to prevent whiteflies and aphids from spreading the virus. Use insect nets, imidacloprid, or other insecticides to manage these pests.
3. In the early stages of a viral outbreak, apply preventive treatments such as triacontanol, virus A, pyrimidimemycin, leaflet enemy, or virus net to manage the disease effectively.
By following these steps, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of viral diseases and ensure healthier, more productive eggplant crops.
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