Cherry gum disease, also known as flowing gum disease, is a common issue affecting cherry trees. It typically begins in early spring when infected branches start to exude a white, transparent, gel-like substance. This secretion often appears on the bark and twig tissues, and the affected areas may become slightly swollen. Beneath the surface, the cortex and xylem turn brown and begin to rot, while other pathogens may also be present. As the disease progresses, the tree becomes weaker, which negatively affects its growth, fruit production, and ultimately leads to death.
The onset of cherry gum disease usually starts in June, and the condition tends to worsen after fruit harvest, especially during the rainy season. The severity of the disease is closely linked to the tree’s overall health. Trees with weak vitality are more prone to infection. The pathogen spreads through wind and rain, entering the tree via wounds or lateral buds. The disease has a latent phase, meaning it can remain inactive for a while before symptoms appear. There are two peak periods for this disease each year: one from late May to early June, and another from late August to early September.
Causes of the disease include various factors such as diseases, insect infestations, frost damage, sunburn, mechanical injuries, and wounds. Common diseases that contribute to gum disease in cherries include root rot, dry rot, anthracnose, scab, and shot hole disease. Insect pests like fruit flies can also play a role. Additionally, improper agricultural practices—such as excessive pruning, incorrect fertilization, overwatering or underwatering, and poor soil quality—can disrupt the tree's physiological balance, making it more susceptible to gum disease.
To manage and control cherry gum disease, several effective strategies can be implemented:
1. After applying antifreeze in winter and during autumn leaf fall, it's important to apply lime wash promptly. When preparing the lime solution, add a small amount of salt to enhance its effectiveness.
2. During field management, avoid any mechanical or human-induced injuries. When pruning, remove overlapping and crossing branches to prevent friction and damage. Use a pruning ladder instead of working directly on the tree to protect the bark.
3. Improve tree health by using organic fertilizers, enhancing the tree's resistance. Avoid planting in heavy clay soils, and ensure proper drainage. After heavy rains or watering, loosen the soil promptly to improve aeration and soil structure.
4. If gum exudation is observed on branches, scrape off the affected areas immediately and apply a lime sulfur mixture to the wound to prevent further infection.
By implementing these measures, growers can significantly reduce the occurrence and impact of cherry gum disease, ensuring healthier and more productive trees.
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