Mung beans are among the most challenging legumes to store properly. It's common for some mung beans to turn into empty shells over time, losing their value and usability. This issue is typically caused by infestation from the mung bean weevil, also known as the "bean ox" or "bean monkey." These pests not only target mung beans but also affect other small legumes like adzuki beans and kidney beans.
The life cycle of the mung bean weevil is quite active, with 4 to 6 generations occurring each year. The larvae overwinter inside the bean pods and emerge as adults in the spring. Once active, they climb out of the beans and fly to granaries, where they lay eggs. A single female can lay around 70 to 80 eggs during her lifetime, with each bean containing an average of 3 to 5 eggs. After hatching, the larvae burrow into the beans, feeding on them until they develop into adults. The entire life cycle takes between 24 to 45 days, and the ideal conditions for their growth are a temperature range of 29.5 to 32.5°C and a relative humidity of 68 to 95%.
To effectively manage this pest, several control methods can be applied:
1. **Fumigation Method**: For every 500 kg of mung beans, use 3 to 5 grams of aluminum phosphide, wrapped in paper and evenly distributed within the storage bags. Ensure the temperature is above 20°C and let the fumigant work for 3 days. Afterward, ventilate the area and remove any residue after 7 days.
2. **Sealed Storage Method**: After drying the beans, place them in a sealed container surrounded by wheat stalks or straw. Seal it tightly for about half a month to suffocate the pests, achieving up to 98-100% effectiveness.
3. **High-Temperature Pest Control**: Store the beans at a temperature of 56°C using a high-temperature exterminator to kill any remaining insects.
4. **Hot Water Soaking**: Soak the beans in water at 60–80°C for 2 minutes, then dry and store. This method reduces germination rates, so it is not recommended for seeds.
The best time to apply these treatments is within 10 days of harvest. After disinfection, the beans should be stored separately, in a well-sealed warehouse to prevent re-infestation. Additionally, it’s crucial to ensure the beans are thoroughly dried before storage to maintain quality and extend shelf life. Proper handling and timely intervention are key to preserving the integrity and value of mung beans.
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