Winter is a critical time for pest management, as many crop pests seek shelter in a dormant state to survive the cold. This period offers an ideal opportunity to control pests effectively, as reducing their numbers now can significantly lower infestations in the following growing season. Implementing these strategies can yield maximum results with minimal effort.
1. **Weed Control for Pest Management**: After harvesting fruits, use grass rings or traps around tree trunks to attract overwintering pests. These pests will hide in the grass, and once winter arrives, remove and burn the grass to eliminate them.
2. **Garden Cleaning**: Remove weeds and destroy wintering sites such as larvae and planthoppers. By pruning, crushing, and piling up fallen leaves, corn stalks, and rice straws, you can kill over 98% of pests like corn borers, leaf rollers, and cabbage caterpillars.
3. **Deep Soil Cultivation**: Turn the soil to expose underground pests like borers, flat moths, and cockroaches to freezing temperatures. Destroy nests of cotton bollworms, armyworms, and locusts to prevent their emergence. Deep plowing (20–30 cm) before the ground freezes or in early spring helps freeze and kill pests.
4. **Bark Scraping**: Many pests hide in the cracks and rough bark of trees. Use a knife to carefully scrape the bark, especially on branches. Apple, peach, plum, and citrus trees have thin bark, so be gentle; pears and jujubes can be scraped more thoroughly. After scraping, apply lime sulfur or a white coating agent to disinfect and protect the wounds.
5. **White Wash Treatment**: Applying a white wash to tree trunks helps fill cracks, reduce disease incidence, and prevent sunburn. The mixture includes quicklime, clay, lime sulfur, salt, and insecticide. Apply it after defoliation and before freezing to enhance frost resistance.
6. **Pruning and Pest Removal**: During winter pruning, remove diseased and residual branches and burn them outside the garden to eliminate hidden pests and pathogens.
7. **Freezing Pest Control**: In storage areas, open windows and doors to lower temperatures below -5°C for long periods, which can freeze and kill stored pests.
8. **Fumigation**: Spray 5% dichlorvos emulsion diluted 20–25 times in granule and cotton silos, then seal for 4–5 days. This method effectively controls moths and rice elephants with over 90% success.
9. **Spot Spraying**: Use 40% omethoate, 50% monocrotophos, or 50% methamidophos diluted 200 times to spray fruit tree crowns, branches, and buds, preventing overwintering aphids.
10. **Winter Irrigation**: Water fields during freezing nights to kill root eggs and brown planthopper larvae. The sudden temperature drop and reduced oxygen levels help control pests and improve soil structure.
11. **Insecticide Spraying**: In wheat fields and orchards, spray 2.5% deltamethrin or 20% cypermethrin at 4000–5000 times dilution to kill locusts and fleas. Apply 1–2 times 3–4 Baume degrees of lime sulfur to control pear locusts and red spider mites. Use 40% omethoate diluted 1500–2000 times to prevent blind ticks.
12. **Block Pest Entry Points**: Plug holes in fruit trees where pests and pathogens overwinter. Insert a stick into the hole to kill hidden insects, then seal the hole tightly with mud to suffocate any remaining pests.
By implementing these integrated pest management practices, farmers can significantly reduce pest populations and create a healthier environment for the next growing season.
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