The three-lined turtle, a nationally protected second-class animal, is highly valued for its medicinal properties. Due to the increasing scarcity of wild populations, artificial breeding has become essential to conserve natural resources. Here are the key techniques and practices for successful turtle farming:
First, constructing suitable turtle ponds is crucial. Two main types are commonly used: cave-style and land-water hybrid ponds. The latter is more practical for management and easier to maintain. A well-designed pond includes water areas, dry land, nesting zones, and designated turtle nests. These nests should be shaded, secure, and easy to clean. Adult turtles are typically kept at a density of about 20 per square meter, with water depth maintained around 10 cm. Adjustments are made based on the size of the turtles—whether adults, hatchlings, or young ones—to ensure they can fully submerge in the water.
Second, feeding plays a vital role in turtle growth. As an omnivore, the three-lined turtle thrives on a balanced diet of both animal and plant-based foods. Artificial compound feed is recommended for faster growth. Turtles should be fed 3-5% of their body weight daily, divided into 1-2 meals. Animal-based feeds include fish, shrimp, frogs, lean meat, eggs, bones, and organ meats. Plant-based options consist of peanut cakes, potatoes, sweet potatoes, rice, corn, flour, fruits, and vegetables. A mix of 7:3 or 6:4 (animal to plant) is ideal, ground into a fine texture to create high-protein feed (35%-40%). Proper levels of protein, phosphorus, calcium, and sodium are essential for healthy development.
Third, daily management is critical in intensive farming. Maintaining optimal water temperature (28-32°C), clean water, proper feeding, sunlight exposure, and disease prevention are all key factors. Regular cleaning of the turtles and their environment helps prevent infections. Sunbathing is encouraged, and medicated baits or baths (such as oxytetracycline, potassium permanganate, penicillin, and furazolidone) should be used every half month to keep diseases at bay. Security measures must also be in place to prevent theft and escape.
Fourth, disease prevention and treatment are essential. Although these turtles have strong immune systems, improper care can lead to illnesses that are hard to detect and treat. Observing behavior, appetite, and feces regularly is important. If symptoms like loss of appetite, abnormal stools, or excessive soaking in water appear, it may indicate conditions such as gastroenteritis, esophagitis, parasites, or fungal infections. Prompt medication or injections should be administered.
Fifth, breeding practices should focus on a male-to-female ratio of 1:3 for optimal results. Once mature, female turtles lay eggs between April and September, producing 1-8 eggs per clutch, with 4-6 hatchlings per batch. Each individual may lay two clutches annually. Egg production and fertility depend on diet, water quality, temperature, and light. Hatching success is influenced by incubation techniques. Using controlled temperature incubation for 60-75 days yields the best results, ensuring proper oxygen supply and avoiding issues like mold or overheating.
Lastly, winter care is crucial. In the wild, turtles hibernate on shore, but in captivity, they are often kept indoors. Providing drinking water during this time is necessary. It’s best to avoid soaking them in water during hibernation. Instead, use land or water-based setups, or gently warm the environment to maintain a temperature of 28-32°C. This approach helps accelerate their growth and improve overall health.
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