Winter is a critical time for pest management, as many crop pests seek shelter in a dormant state to survive the cold. This period offers an excellent opportunity to reduce their population before they become active again in spring. By implementing effective control measures during this time, farmers can significantly minimize the base population of pests and diseases, achieving better results with less effort.
1. **Weed Control for Pest Management**: After harvesting fruit, it's recommended to trap pests by placing straw rings or branches around tree trunks. These traps attract overwintering insects, which then hide in the grass. Once winter sets in, the grass rings are removed and burned, effectively killing a large number of pests.
2. **Garden Clean-up**: Removing weeds and clearing debris is essential, as these provide ideal habitats for pests like maggots and planthoppers. Pruning and piling up fallen leaves, corn stalks, and rice straws can kill over 98% of pests such as corn borers and leaf rollers.
3. **Deep Soil Cultivation**: For underground pests like borers and flat moths, deep plowing (20–30 cm) can expose them to freezing temperatures, killing them. It's best done in late autumn or early winter when the soil is still workable. Pests buried between 10–15 cm will be killed when the ground freezes. This method also improves soil structure and drainage.
4. **Bark Scraping**: Many pests hide in the cracks and crevices of tree bark. Using a knife to carefully scrape off the rough bark helps eliminate these hiding spots. Focus on scraping the trunk and branches, especially for apple, peach, and citrus trees, where care must be taken not to damage the inner bark. After scraping, apply lime sulfur or a white coating agent to disinfect and protect the tree.
5. **White Wash Application**: Applying a white wash to tree trunks helps protect them from pests and sunburn. The mixture includes quicklime, clay, lime sulfur, water, salt, and insecticide. It fills cracks, reduces temperature fluctuations, and enhances frost resistance. Apply once after leaf fall, before freezing, and again in early spring.
6. **Pruning and Pest Removal**: During winter pruning, remove all diseased or residual branches and burn them outside the field to prevent pests from overwintering.
7. **Freezing Pest Control**: In storage facilities, open doors and windows to allow temperatures to drop below -5°C. This long-term freezing process prevents pest reproduction and kills existing pests.
8. **Fumigation**: Spraying 5% dichlorvos emulsion diluted 20–25 times in granary or cotton silos and sealing them for 4–5 days can achieve over 90% control of moths and rice elephants.
9. **Spot Treatment for Aphids**: Using 40% omethoate, 50% monocrotophos, or 50% methamidophos diluted 200 times, spray the crowns, branches, and buds of fruit trees to prevent aphids from overwintering.
10. **Winter Irrigation**: Freezing irrigation in fields and orchards can kill root eggs and larvae of brown planthoppers. The sudden temperature drop and reduced oxygen levels help lower pest populations. This practice also improves soil structure and promotes healthy crop growth.
11. **Insecticide Spraying**: In weedy areas like wheat fields and orchards, spraying 2.5% deltamethrin or 20% cypermethrin diluted 4000–5000 times can control locusts and fleas. Lime sulfur at 1–2 degrees Baumé can manage pear locusts and red spider mites. 40% omethoate diluted 1500–2000 times is effective against blind ticks.
12. **Hole Sealing**: Tree cavities are breeding grounds for pests. By inserting materials into the holes and sealing them tightly with mud, pests inside can suffocate and die. This is an effective way to eliminate hidden infestations.
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