In the later growth stages of wheat, effective field management is crucial to ensure a successful harvest. Depending on weather conditions, pest and disease trends, and local factors, farmers should implement targeted measures such as anti-spraying, lodging prevention, disease control, and protection against dry hot winds. These practices are essential for maintaining yield quality and maximizing production.
Waterlogging prevention is particularly important during this period. Increased rainfall can lead to excessive soil moisture, poor aeration, and root damage, which may cause early leaf yellowing, reduced grain weight, and even root rot or lodging. To prevent this, drainage ditches should be dug as early as possible, with a depth of at least 20 cm. Ensuring that ditches are well-connected helps water drain efficiently and prevents water accumulation in the fields.
Lodging, or the bending or falling of wheat stems, can significantly reduce both yield and quality, making harvesting more difficult. In addition to proper drainage and pest control, applying high-efficiency foliar fertilizers can help keep the stalks green and strong. When the ear is about to emerge, spraying a mixture of 40% tebuconazole (40 ml per acre) diluted in 50 kg of water can effectively suppress internode elongation under the ear, thereby improving the plant's resistance to lodging.
Pest and disease control is also critical during the late growth stage. Common issues include rust, powdery mildew, head blight, aphids, armyworms, and locusts. For rust and powdery mildew, apply 20% triadimefon at a dilution of 1000 times before and after heading. Head blight can be controlled using 50% carbendazim at 800 times dilution. Aphids and flea beetles can be managed with 10% imidacloprid at 1000–1500 times. Armyworms can be controlled by spraying 50% phoxim at 6000 times. It’s important to avoid highly toxic pesticides to protect both the environment and human health.
Dry hot wind, a combination of high temperature, low humidity, and strong winds, poses a serious threat to wheat during its later development stage. This condition can cause incomplete milk filling, premature ripening, and reduced grain weight, leading to significant yield loss. To mitigate this risk, farmers can spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, high-efficiency foliar fertilizer, or ash leaching solution from the flowering stage through the grain-filling phase. Spraying a 0.05% aspirin solution or 0.1% calcium chloride solution can also help. Watering one week before the milking stage can further reduce the impact of dry hot winds. This practice, known as "wheat yellow water," is an effective way to minimize damage and improve resilience. (Wang Jiuguo)
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