In the later growth stages of wheat, effective field management is crucial to ensure a successful harvest. Based on weather conditions, pest and disease trends, and local factors, farmers should implement measures such as anti-spraying, lodging prevention, disease control, and protection against dry heat. These efforts help safeguard yield and quality during the critical summer harvest period.
Waterlogging is a common issue in late wheat growth, especially when rainfall increases and soil moisture becomes high. Poor drainage can lead to root failure, leaf yellowing, reduced grain weight, and even root rot or lodging. To prevent this, it's essential to clear ditches early and ensure they are at least 20 cm deep, allowing proper water flow and drainage during rain.
Lodging, or the falling over of wheat plants, can significantly reduce both yield and quality, making harvesting more difficult. In addition to proper drainage and pest control, applying high-efficiency foliar fertilizers helps maintain green stalks. When the ear begins to emerge, spraying a mixture of 40 ml of 40% tebuconazole per acre with 50 kg of water can help suppress internode elongation and improve resistance to lodging.
Pest and disease pressure increases during the late growth stage. Common issues include rust, powdery mildew, head blight, aphids, armyworms, and locusts. For rust and powdery mildew, apply 20% triadimefon diluted 1000 times before and after heading. Head blight can be controlled with 50% carbendazim at 800 times dilution. Aphids and leafhoppers can be managed with 10% imidacloprid at 1000–1500 times dilution. Armyworms can be controlled using 50% phoxim at 6000 times dilution. It's important to avoid highly toxic pesticides to protect both the environment and crop quality.
Dry and hot winds, caused by high temperatures and low humidity combined with strong winds, pose a major threat to wheat during its late growth phase. These conditions can cause poor grain filling, premature ripening, and lower grain weight, leading to significant yield loss. To mitigate this, farmers can spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate or high-efficiency foliar fertilizer from flowering to the grain-filling stage. Applying ash leach solution, 0.05% aspirin, or 0.1% calcium chloride can also help. Watering one week before the milking stage can further reduce the risk of dry hot wind damage. This practice, known as "wheat yellow water," is an effective strategy for protecting the crop. (Wang Jiuguo)
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