Many fish farmers believe that the low survival rate of fry each year is a major factor affecting the profitability of fish farming. To improve this, it's essential to focus on scientific practices throughout the entire process—from pond selection to management. The key lies in careful planning and attention to detail at every stage.
When selecting a pond for fry, it's important to choose one with an area of 1 to 2 mu (approximately 0.67 to 1.33 acres) and a water depth of 1 to 1.2 meters. These dimensions provide an ideal environment for fry to grow and develop. Before stocking, the pond should be thoroughly cleaned to remove any weeds or debris. Then, apply lime or bleaching powder to disinfect the water. For example, spreading 120 to 150 kg of quicklime per mu or 13 to 15 kg of bleaching powder containing 30% chlorine per mu can effectively eliminate harmful pathogens.
After clearing the pond, wait about 7 to 8 days before testing the water. Take a basin filled with pond water and place a few fry in it for 6 to 8 hours. If the fish remain active and show no signs of distress, it means the chemicals have dissipated and the water is safe for the fry.
Choosing high-quality fry is also crucial. Select fry that are strong, healthy, and free from disease. A simple method to assess their quality is to place them in a white porcelain bowl. Those that swim vigorously and keep their heads bent are considered strong, while weak ones tend to float or move sluggishly.
Before introducing the fry into the pond, it's important to disinfect them. One effective method is to soak them in a 2 to 4% saltwater solution for about 5 minutes, or use a 10% bleaching powder solution for around 10 minutes. This helps prevent bacterial infections, fungal diseases, and parasitic infestations.
Finally, proper management plays a vital role in ensuring the survival and growth of fry. All tools and feeding equipment should be kept clean and disinfected regularly. The feed must be fresh and of good quality, and feeding should be done according to a schedule. Fertilization should only be done on sunny days to avoid sudden changes in water conditions. In case of any signs of disease, prompt and targeted treatment is essential to prevent outbreaks and protect the entire stock.
By following these scientifically sound practices, fish farmers can significantly improve fry survival rates, leading to better yields and higher economic returns in the long run.
Drug Intermediates -Pharmaceutical intermediates: A material that is produced during a process step of the drug substance and must undergo further molecular changes or refining before it becomes a drug substance. The intermediates can be separated or not separated.
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (APIS)(or Drug Substance) : Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)(or Drug Substance) : Any substance or mixture of substances intended to be used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products and, when used in pharmaceutical products, to be an active ingredient in pharmaceutical products. Such substances have pharmacological activity or other direct effects in the diagnosis, treatment, symptom relief, management or prevention of disease, or can affect the function and structure of the body. As can be seen from the definition, the Intermediates APIS is a key product of the previous process of manufacturing the API and has a different structure from the API
Finally, for example, amoxicillin capsules are called preparations, amoxicillin is called APIS, and 6-APA is called Veterinary Intermediates APIS.
Penicillin potassium for injection is called preparation, penicillin potassium is called Veterinary raw materials, and green potassium industrial salt is called intermediate
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