1. Temperature and Humidity The suitable ambient temperature for pigs is 16~23°C, the early period is 20~23°C, and the later period is 16~20°C. In this range, pigs have the highest weight gain and feed conversion rates are the highest. Experiments have shown that pigs have the highest weight gain at 21°C and have a higher feed utilization rate.
When the ambient temperature is too low, the pig body needs to consume more energy for heat production to maintain its body temperature, reduce the daily weight gain and increase the feed intake, thereby reducing the feed utilization rate. Practice has proved that when the temperature dropped to 10 °C and 5 °C, the pig's feed intake increased by 10% and 20%, respectively, while the daily gain decreased; when the pig is below the lower critical temperature, every drop of 1 °C, the date Weight loss is reduced by 11 to 20 grams, and daily consumption of materials is increased by 25 to 35 grams. In the cold environment, the respiratory resistance of the respiratory and digestive tracts of pigs is reduced, and bronchitis, bronchitis, and gastroenteritis often occur. Therefore, in the cold season to do a good job of the pig's cold and warm work, such as closing doors and windows to prevent cold wind invasion, keep the pens dry, covered with dry mat grass and so on.
When the temperature of the environment is too high, the respiratory rate of pigs increases in order to dissipate body heat, metabolism is affected, appetite decreases, feed intake decreases significantly, and productivity decreases. If the ambient temperature rises to 25°C and 30°C, the feed intake decreases by 10% and 35%, respectively. According to reports, the daily gain of 15-30 kg, 30-60 kg, and 66-90 kg of pigs decreased by 6.8%, 20%, and 28%, respectively, compared to the expected daily gain under a high temperature of 28-35°C; When the pig is above the upper critical temperature, the daily weight gain is reduced by about 30 grams per 1°C increase, and daily consumption is reduced by 60-70 grams. Therefore, in the summer, it is necessary to prevent exposure of the piggery, maintain ventilation, wash the quarters and shower the pigs, and feed more cold water and fresh green feed to try to prevent heatstroke.
When the temperature is appropriate, the pig's adaptability to humidity is very strong. When the relative temperature rises from 45% to 70% or 95%, the pig's intake and rate of weight gain have little effect. However, in the case of low temperature and high humidity, the daily weight gain of pigs can be reduced by 36%, and the consumption per kilogram of weight gain can be increased by 10%; at high temperature and high humidity, the weight gain of pigs can be slower and the death of pigs can also be greatly increased. rate. Therefore, the relative humidity in the pig house is preferably 50% to 70%.
2. The higher the captive density and the health care density of the pens, the greater the amount of water vapor released by the pig's respiration, the greater the amount of excreta, the higher the humidity inside the house; the increase in the number of harmful gases and microorganisms and the deterioration of the air sanitation; The number of battles increased significantly and the rest time decreased, which affected the pig's health, weight gain and feed utilization. Although reducing the captive density can increase the weight gain rate and feed utilization rate of pigs, the captive density is too small to be economical. In addition, when the captive density is the same and the number of pigs in each lap is different, the fattening effect is also different. The more heads per lap, the slower the weight gain of the pigs and the lower the feed utilization rate. Practice has proved that 15 to 60 kilograms of hogs per head required area of ​​0.6 to 1.0 square meters, 60 kilograms of fattening pigs each need 0.9 to 1.2 square meters, the number of heads per circle of 10 to 20 is appropriate. In northern China, due to the low average temperature and relatively dry climate, it is appropriate to increase the stocking density. In the summer in the south, due to higher temperatures and higher humidity, the stocking density should be appropriately reduced.
The health conditions of the pens have a certain influence on the growth and health of pigs. The pig house should be clean and dry with fresh air. The contaminated grass bedding and excrement should be removed daily, and dry grass bedding should be placed where the pig lies. To disinfect pig houses regularly.
3. Noxious gases, dust and microorganisms in the house Due to the respiration and excretion of pigs and the decomposition of fecal matter, not only the oxygen in the air of the pig house is reduced, but also the carbon dioxide content is increased, and harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and methane are produced. Odor. High concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide can cause pig poisoning, conjunctivitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. Usually, although the degree of intoxication is not achieved, it has a bad influence on the health and productivity of pigs. When the content of carbon dioxide in the house is too high and the oxygen content is relatively insufficient, the pig will lose its spirit, its appetite will decline, and its weight gain will be slow. Therefore, the maximum limit of ammonia concentration in piggery is 26ppm, the hydrogen sulfide content is limited to 6.6ppm, and carbon dioxide should be limited to 0.15%. Ventilation and ventilation conditions in piggery should be improved, and excrement should be treated in time to maintain appropriate captive density. . Dust can cause the pig's skin to be itchy and even irritation, rupture, and irritating to the nasal mucosa. The pathogenic microorganisms adhere to the dust and are easy to survive, which has a direct impact on the pig's health. Therefore, we must pay attention to the greening of pig farms, keep the piglets well ventilated, and do a good job of cleaning and disinfection.
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