The virus is widely distributed across various regions. When it infects plants alone, the cultivars typically do not display visible symptoms. However, it can still cause stunted growth and lower yields, which may go unnoticed by growers.
1. **Symptoms**. The virus often remains asymptomatic when present alone, but when co-infected with other viruses, distinct symptoms emerge. For example, when the strawberry crumpling virus and raspberry mottle virus co-infect a plant, the cultivar exhibits signs of leaf shrinkage and distortion. In cases where the strawberry mottle virus and strawberry light yellow edge virus are both present, the affected plants show chlorosis (yellowing of leaves), reduced plant height, and smaller, less developed fruits. These combined effects can significantly impact the quality and marketability of the crop.
2. **Transmission Mode**. The strawberry mottle virus is primarily transmitted through grasshoppers. According to global reports, 12 different species of grasshoppers have been identified as vectors of this virus. These include common species such as the locust, burrowing grasshopper, and small burrowing types. This transmission method makes it particularly challenging to control in open-field cultivation systems.
3. **Control Methods**. Effective management practices are essential for reducing the spread of the virus. Farmers should focus on using certified virus-free seedlings, maintaining clean fields by removing weeds and infected plant parts, and regularly inspecting crops for signs of infestation. Additionally, controlling aphids and other pests through chemical means is crucial. Rotating crop varieties can also help prevent long-term buildup of the virus in the soil. According to a Japanese report from 1985, applying pyrethroid insecticides at a 1:1000 dilution significantly reduced the infection rate of the strawberry mottle virus to 15.4%, demonstrating the effectiveness of integrated pest management strategies.
By combining cultural, biological, and chemical controls, growers can better manage the virus and protect their crops from yield losses. Continued research and monitoring are also vital to stay ahead of potential outbreaks.
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