A Preliminary Study on the Characters and Cultural Techniques of Japanese Plums
Rixiangli originated in Japan. In the early 1990s, I stationed Japanese research personnel for the first time to introduce trial species from Japan. In 1992, I began planting trials and observations. In 1996, I conducted regional tests in Maoxian and Chengdu in our province. In 1999, we started grafting and raising seedlings. In 2000, we built a production demonstration park. Through more than 10 years of planting observation, the results in our province are early, mature, early, high quality, high yield, strong resistance, bright fruit, sweet, semi-nucleus, with a strong rose fragrance. The variety was praised by participating experts, scholars and colleagues on the June 18, 2002 naming convention of "Chongzhou China's Lang Lang Township". It is believed that the nicknames of precocious plum varieties are rare. At present, there are only a few plants in Chongqing, Suining, Leshan, Chongzhou and other places. The area of ​​promotion is less than 150 mu, about 15,000 plants, and the current market price is 50 yuan/kg. The development space is huge and it has great promotion potential.
1. Variety characteristics
Fruit-shaped circle, a large fruit, the average fruit weight 100g, the largest fruit weight 200g, more neat. Longitudinal diameter 6cm, transverse diameter 5.7cm, peel yellow background, full of red when mature, fruit powder white, thin skin, suture line is more obvious. Stem lenticels are very distinct, brown-red, which is a significant difference from other plum varieties. Fruit ripening period In mid-June, sweet and palatable, there is a unique rose fragrance, soluble solids 13.6%, excellent quality, no cracking phenomenon, storage and transportation and shelf life.
2. Growth results habits
Nisaka Lee planted the flowers for the second year to test the fruit, the tree vigor is more prosperous, and the tree stand is slightly upright. The pollination variety (Japanese special morning, early beauty, red heart, etc.) is required. The results of short fruit branches and fruit bunches are the main ones. If they are not long, the long fruit branches have good results. Very productive, need to spend sparsely fruit, leaf-fruit ratio 30:1. 4 year old tree production up to 25kg. Strong growth potential, strong resistance, resistance to thin, extremely resistant to bacterial perforation and fluidic disease.
3. Building Park
Choose a convenient land with deep soil and well-drained land. For the soil layer less than 50cm, soil improvement should be carried out to thicken the soil layer. The method can be used to dig trenches, base soil piles or contour elevations to improve the soil. Plant spacing of 2m3m is appropriate, digging 80cm80cm60cm planting hole or width 100cm, depth 60cm of planting trenches, points or trench backfill crop straw or weeds, and apply 25kg per plant organic fertilizer and mud as base fertilizer.
4. Colonization
Seedlings with seedlings thicker than 0.8 cm were planted and seedlings were set at a height of 40 cm-50 cm. Planting time is appropriate from the end of October to the end of February of the following year, and pollinated varieties are allocated at a ratio of 10:1. When planting, the seedlings will be placed in a positive position, the roots will be flattened around, and the fine soil shall be backfilled and the seedlings shall be gently lifted by hand (with full contact between the root system and the soil). The soil shall be backfilled layer by layer and compacted. The water shall be poured to set the roots, covering 80cm square. The black plastic film retains moisture. Seedlings should not be overfilled and the height of filling should be based on the neck of the nursery stock.
5. Fertilizer management
Sapling fertilization should master the principle of “deep diligence and thin applicationâ€. The first two years of the planting period is the sapling tending period to promote vegetative growth and expand the canopy, and fertilization is mainly based on available nitrogen fertilizer. The appropriate combination of phosphorus and potash fertilizers can be combined for one year. Irrigation and fertilization 6 times, 4 to 8 months monthly fertilization 1st, applied at the end of October autumn fertilizer, each plant maturity of man-dwelling feces 20kg ~ 50kg, urea 150g ~ 300g.
Results The tree was fertilized four times throughout the year and autumn fertilizer was reused. In October, Shi Qiufei was dominated by organic fertilizer, which accounted for 40% of the annual fertilization amount. Spring fertilizer was applied in February and mainly available nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 20% of the annual fertilization amount. Summer fertilizer was applied in principle in May. In addition, phosphorus and potash fertilizers are mainly used, accounting for 15% of the annual fertilization amount. However, in accordance with the principle of tree fertilization, trees with more results and weaker tree vigor should be applied, and tree trees with less vigorous trees and less fruit trees should be used or not. Shi. The fruit fertilizer was applied in July and was mainly composed of special compound fertilizer for multi-element fruit trees, accounting for 25% of the annual fertilization amount.
6. Pruning
The scented plums are more prosperous, and the tree shape should adopt a natural happy shape. The sapling shoots will be picked 3 to 4 times a year to increase the number of branches and expand the canopy, and can be used for early fruiting.
Due to its short fruit branches and fruit bunches, the results should be based on the principle of light shearing. The medium and strong fruiting branches should not be cut for long, promote fruiting, fruitful growth, and promote the regeneration of the posterior branches. The horizontal and middle branches can be properly retracted. Saplings are lightly cut and long-distanced, combined with retraction and renewed elongation. Branches that grow obliquely or horizontally may not be pruned. After most of the buds have sprouted into short fruit branches or bunched fruit branches, they are retracted and renewed, and the upper branches of adult trees are renewed. Peripheral branches should be sparsely dense, strong and weak, and generally not short-cut to control the size of the tree and improve the illumination of the internal consumptive. When the branches become senescent, they must be selected to stay near the annual development branches for renewal.
7. Pest control
From 20 to 30 days after the full flowering period, we sprayed the mothworm spirit, and killed the treasure every 15 days to prevent Li Xiaoxin. Other pests and diseases occurring in the growing season do not necessarily have to be sprayed in the whole garden and they can be used to treat pests and diseases. The winter clearing garden combined with plastic trimming, cut off the dead branches, diseased branches, overlapping branches and fallen leaves, concentrated burning, the trunk with lime and lime sulfur mixture white, and the entire park spray 3 times 5 Baume degrees of lime sulfur agent.
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