In recent years, the Agricultural Fourth Division has taken advantage of an interest-free loan from the Finnish government to acquire a batch of 8950 tractors from Finland’s Valmet, including models 8950 and 8550. While these tractors have significantly improved agricultural efficiency, some issues have emerged during their operation. To ensure safe and effective use, operators should pay close attention to several key aspects related to operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting.
**1. Common Malfunctions of Tractors**
- The fuel tank and transmission housing welds may crack, leading to leaks of diesel or hydraulic fluid.
- Early battery failure is frequently observed.
- Injector nozzles can rupture due to high-pressure fuel combustion.
- Hydraulic lift arms may break under excessive load.
**2. Root Causes of the Issues**
- Cracking at the weld seams of the fuel tank and gearbox often occurs because the tractors are frequently used with heavy agricultural equipment, especially on uneven terrain. This leads to increased stress on the tractor’s frame.
- Battery damage is commonly caused by long-term inactivity without proper maintenance, overcharging, blocked vent holes, low electrolyte levels, or imbalanced electrolyte concentration.
- Injector nozzle rupture typically happens when diesel fuel becomes overheated and vaporizes, causing pressure buildup. Regular cleaning of the fuel tank, proper installation of the oil-water separator, and using clean fuel can help prevent this issue.
- Hydraulic lift arm failure is often the result of overloading the rear-mounted implements, combined with rough field conditions that cause excessive strain on the system.
**3. Key Usage Precautions**
- After heavy-duty or high-temperature operations, it is important not to turn off the engine immediately. Instead, let the tractor run at a moderate throttle for 3 to 5 minutes to cool down before shutting it off.
- Avoid operating the tractor at low throttle (below 800 rpm) for extended periods. This can lead to poor lubrication, reduced oil pressure, and potential damage to the turbocharger, which operates at high speeds and temperatures.
- Never attempt to start the tractor with a cold engine while the throttle is fully open. This can cause unnecessary wear on the engine components.
- Before starting a tractor that has been parked for a long time, make sure to lubricate the turbocharger or idle the engine a few times to ensure proper oil circulation.
- Minimize frequent cleaning of the air filter. Avoid using excessive air pressure to blow out the filter core, as this can damage the delicate elements and reduce its effectiveness.
By following these guidelines, operators can significantly extend the lifespan of the tractors and reduce the likelihood of mechanical failures. Proper training and regular maintenance are essential to ensuring optimal performance and safety in agricultural operations.
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