When the watermelon becomes large and reaches a significant size, it's recommended to apply 30 kg of urea per mu along with 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate as a base fertilizer. Afterward, you can top-dress the plants once or spray them 2–3 times depending on their growth condition. A mixture of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used for foliar feeding, which helps promote healthy development and increase yield.
It's important to remove the first set of fruits promptly after they appear, allowing the second set to develop. Avoid leaving too many small fruits on the plant, as this can lead to premature aging and reduce overall fruit quality. Prune any excess shoots and ensure proper spacing between the remaining fruits to maintain optimal growth conditions.
To maintain soil moisture, especially during hot mornings and evenings when temperatures are lower, it’s advisable to water the plants at these times. To prevent evaporation, cover the root area with straw, leaves, or weeds. Once the watermelons have set, gently press the soil around the base of the plant under the mulch to form a small basin. This helps collect rainwater, which can then seep through the hole in the mulch directly to the watermelon's roots. Additionally, you can use high-efficiency drought repellents and water-retaining agents to further improve moisture retention.
Early disease prevention is crucial. Based on local conditions, it's best to spray targeted fungicides before or at the early stage of disease occurrence. For watermelon blight, you can use mancozeb diluted at 600 times, Amisidae at 1500 times, or antiviral agent at 500–700 times. For anthracnose, applications of 800–1200 times World High, 600–750 times Miconazole, or 50% Carbendazim at 500 times are effective. For Fusarium wilt, irrigate the roots with 70% Dithane at 800–1000 times, 250 ml per plant, or mix 10 g of Dithane powder with 200 g of flour, add water to make a paste, and apply it to the base of the plant. You can also use 800 times Shile solution or 400 times Sclerotium Net solution for irrigation. For virus diseases, spray Aktai at 3000–5000 times during the aphid season to control transmission. At the onset of symptoms, you can spray A500 times virus treatment to manage the infection effectively.
To protect the watermelon from sunburn, use shade nets, leaves, or dry weeds to cover the fruit. This not only prevents overheating but also helps maintain consistent fruit quality and reduces the risk of cracking. By following these practices, you can significantly improve the health, yield, and quality of your watermelon crop.
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