In order to maintain good milking cows, the dry period is generally divided into two stages: dry milk and dry milk. The entire period from the beginning of dry milk until 15 days before calving is called the pre-drying period, and the 2 weeks before calving to delivery is often called the late dry period (also called the pre-period).
In the early stage of dry milk, the cows are generally given moderate nutritional status, using 4-5 kg ​​of quality hay and 10 kg of concentrated concentrate. Body condition score was 3.8-4.2 points, full body, shiny coat. For lean, dry cows need to increase nutrition, should be based on the nutritional needs of pregnancy, plus 5-10 kilograms of milk production of nutritional needs, so that the dairy cows recovered within a 20-day period between 3.5-4.0 points. During a week of dry milk, the condition of the breast should be observed. If there is a lump, the cow is uneasy and needs to be treated quickly. After the condition is improved, dry the milk again. In this stage, the diet should be based on roughage, with the appropriate material, the amount of concentrate generally accounts for 0.6%-0.9% of body weight, that is, 3.5-5 kilograms, dry matter ratio of refined coarse material is 30:70-20: 80 rooms. The crude fiber content of the diet should not be less than 18%. For young cows who are delivered for the first time, the feed should be quantified by 10% to 18% in order to prevent the negative metabolic balance of the cattle after the calving. The diet of dry cows must be made of good quality, easily digestible feeds. It is not possible to use feeds with spoilage and deterioration, and the amount of low nutrient concentrations of roughage and juicy feed should be limited so as not to oppress the fetus and cause premature birth. In addition, clean drinking water should be given. In summer, the water temperature should be controlled at about 100C, and about 150C in winter. Avoid drinking ice water.
During the late period of dry milk, the cows should be given superior nutrient levels to bring the cows close to 4.5 points during calving. Therefore, according to the body condition, appetite, fecal type and expected milk production of the dairy cows at that time, it was determined that the amount of concentrate should be increased. In general, concentrates should be increased to 1-1.5 kg per 100 kg of body weight. The crude ratio is controlled between 30:70-40:60 and the crude fiber level is not less than 17%. Of course, the increase of the concentrate level requires a time gradient, which is generally increased by 0.3 kg per day. When the cow has anorexia, no more concentrate can be added. Only after the cow eliminates this phenomenon can it be considered to add a little more concentrate. For cows with excessive breast swelling or edema that occurred a few days before delivery, appropriate concentrates should be reduced, juicy feeds should be stopped, and the amount of salt should be reduced. If it is fed with wet concentrate, the concentrate at this stage must not be too wet. 20-30 days before labor, low-calcium diets should be fed to reduce the calcium content of dietary dry matter to 0.2%, and to reduce the amount of salt. In the 2 to 3 days before delivery, an anionic salt feed can be fed to prevent cow milk fever. At the same time, in order to prevent constipation, the amount of bran and other brackish feed should be properly increased in concentrates, which can account for 15%-23% of the concentrate. The breast condition must be carefully checked in the late period of dry milk, and if there is inflammation of the udder, it is immediately treated. .
In addition, during the whole dry period, the cows should be allowed to exercise freely in order to reduce dystocia and prevent crowding. Strengthen the miscarriage, do not feed deteriorating feeds, do not drink ice water, do not wash cows with cold water, and do not allow cattle to fall or slip.
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