Pond Conditions
The pond should ideally cover an area of 5 to 10 acres, with a water depth ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 meters. It should have clean and abundant water, good drainage, and no signs of pollution. The bottom of the pond should be flat and firm, with silt thickness not exceeding 20 cm. The pond structure must be solid and watertight to ensure long-term use.
Before stocking fish, it's essential to prepare the pond by cleaning the bottom. This includes removing debris and sludge. Two methods can be used: the dry method or the wet method. In the dry method, apply 60-75 kg of lime per acre, keep a shallow layer of water (about 8-10 cm), and mix the lime with the sludge. In the wet method, fill the pond to 50 cm deep, then evenly spray 100-125 kg of lime per acre as a slurry. After 7-10 days of disinfection, add water to reach a depth of 1.5-2.0 meters. Then, add 100-150 kg of chicken or duck manure per acre to enrich the water, aiming for a greenish or dark brown color with a transparency of about 35 cm.
Fish Stocking
For optimal fish production, the stock should consist of 80% carp and 20% other species like silver carp. Before releasing the fry, they should be acclimated in a test tank for 24 hours. If there are no adverse reactions, they can be released when the water temperature reaches 6°C-8°C. To prevent disease, fish seedlings can be treated with a 10 mg/kg potassium sulfate solution for 3-5 minutes, or a 3%-5% saline bath for 5-10 minutes before stocking.
Feeding Management
Feed the fish daily at fixed times, ensuring the feed is of appropriate size and has good water stability. Feed 1-2 times per day when the water temperature is below 20°C, and 3-4 times when it's above 20°C, preferably between 8:00 AM and 6:00 PM. Adjust feeding based on fish behavior, weather, water color, and feeding activity. If 80% of the fish have eaten, reduce or stop feeding accordingly.
Water Quality Adjustment
Improve water quality by applying lime solution every 20 days at a rate of 25-30 kg per mu to maintain a pH between 7 and 7.5. Apply calcium superphosphate every 15 days at 15-20 kg per mu. Make sure to calcine the lime 3-5 days before application to avoid excessive alkalinity that could reduce the effectiveness of the phosphate fertilizer. Maintain proper water levels and change the water every 10 days, adjusting the depth by 15-20 cm each time. Use an aerator regularly to ensure good water quality, especially during hot seasons when oxygen levels may drop.
Daily Management
Ensure dedicated staff monitor the pond throughout the day, checking fish behavior and water conditions. Observe the pond early, mid, and late in the day, paying attention to floating heads before dawn. During feeding and testing, check water temperature and fish activity. In hot weather, conduct additional checks at night to prevent any unexpected issues.
Disease Prevention
Prevention is key to controlling fish diseases. For bacterial infections such as erythromycin, gill rot, and enteritis, spray 1 mg/kg of bleached powder over the entire pond every 15 days. For parasitic diseases, treat the pond monthly using a mixture of 0.5 mg/kg copper sulfate and 0.2 mg/kg ferric sulfate. This helps control protozoan parasites like trilobite worms and tick whipworms. Additionally, use 0.3-0.5 mg/kg of crystal trichlorfon or agricultural enemy killer (6-10 ml per meter of water depth) to manage parasite larvae such as anchor-headed turtles and Chinese sturgeon. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are crucial for maintaining healthy fish populations.
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