Pond Conditions
1. Pond Environment: A pond area of 5-10 acres is ideal, with a water depth ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 meters. The water quality should be clean and abundant, with good drainage and no pollution. The pond bottom should be flat and firm, with silt not exceeding 20 cm in thickness. The pond must be solid and watertight to ensure stable conditions for fish rearing.
1.2 Clearing the Pond and Fertilizing Water: Before stocking, remove debris and sludge from the pond bottom. This can be done by either drying the pond or using water. For dry pond method, apply 60-75 kg of lime per acre, keep 8-10 cm of water in the pond, and mix the sludge with the lime slurry. For the wet method, fill the pond to 50 cm depth, apply 100-125 kg of lime per mu, and evenly spray the lime slurry across the entire pond. After 7-10 days of disinfection, refill the pond with water to a depth of 1.5-2.0 meters. At the same time, add 100-150 kg of chicken or duck manure per mu to enrich the water, turning it green or dark brown with a transparency of about 35 cm.
2. Stocking Fish: The fish population should consist of 80% carp and 20% other species such as whitefish. Before stocking, test the fish seedlings in water for 24 hours. If there are no adverse reactions, release them when the average water temperature reaches 6°C-8°C. Prior to release, dip the fry in a potassium sulfate solution at 10 mg/kg for 3-5 minutes, or in a 3%-5% salt bath for 5-10 minutes.
3. Feeding Management
3.1 Feed Management: Follow standard feeding practices for pond fish. Feed pellets should be given on time and in fixed amounts, with appropriate bait size, good water stability, and low feed conversion ratio. Feed 1-2 times daily when the water temperature is below 20°C, and 3-4 times when it’s above 20°C, ideally between 8:00 AM and 6:00 PM. Adjust feeding based on season, weather, water color, and fish eating behavior. Reduce or stop feeding if 80% of the fish have eaten.
3.2 Water Quality Adjustment: Apply lime solution once every 20 days at 25-30 kg/mu to maintain a pH level between 7 and 7.5. Apply calcium superphosphate once every 15 days at 15-20 kg/mu. Burn the lime for 3-5 days before application to avoid excessive alkalinity that may reduce the effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer. Maintain proper water levels throughout the cycle, changing water every 10 days by 15-20 cm each time. Use an aerator to ensure good water quality, especially during hot seasons when oxygen levels need to be monitored closely.
4. Daily Management: Assign dedicated personnel to monitor the pond regularly. Patrol the pond early, mid, and late in the day, checking for floating heads and their severity before dawn. Combine daily patrols with feeding and water testing, observing fish activity and feeding patterns. During hot weather or sudden temperature changes, check the pond at midnight to prevent potential flooding or stress.
5. Disease Prevention and Control: Focus on prevention rather than treatment. For bacterial diseases like erythromycin, gill rot, and enteritis, spray the entire pond with 1 mg/kg of bleached powder every 15 days. For parasitic diseases, treat monthly with a mixture of 0.5 mg/kg copper sulfate and 0.2 mg/kg ferrous sulfate. This helps control protozoan parasites such as trilobite worms and tick whipworms. Additionally, use 0.3-0.5 mg/kg of crystal trichlorfon or agricultural enemy killer (6-10 ml per meter of water depth) to target larvae of parasites like anchor-headed turtles and Chinese sturgeon. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are essential to maintain healthy fish populations.
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