Pan big abalone breeding technology
Haliotis gigantea discus Reeye belongs to the Bacula animal and is an animal medicine. Its shells are used as a drug called Shi Ju Ming, and its meat is used as a carp. Shijiming contains more than 20 kinds of amino acids such as arginine, glycine, and alanine, which can calm the liver, clear the sun, and clear heat. Carp contains proteins, fats, carbohydrates, etc., and can be isolated from it with a strong anti-cancer effect of PBG. Due to the good nutritional value and medicinal value of the variegated abalone, the situation of supply shortage appeared in the market. At present, Bao’s artificial breeding and breeding have been carried out in some areas along the coast of China and have achieved very good economic benefits.
The morphological characteristics and habits of a large abalone in 1 plate
1.1 morphological characteristics in vitro ovoid shells, strong quality, dark green brown or dark red brown. There is a slender antennae on each side of the back; a movable and well-developed kiss on the ventral surface; the mouth is in the middle of the kiss; the foot is on the ventral side of the body, large and flat, almost equal to the shell rim; There is a pair of feathery chaps and can breathe. The big abalone was male and female and there were no significant differences between the two sexes.
1.2 Habitat of large abalone is widely distributed in the coastal areas of China's Liaoning, Shandong, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces, especially in the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, the most abundant production. The abalone is usually inhabited by rocky areas with several meters to several tens of meters underwater, smooth water flow, high salinity, and abundant algae. Pan Da Bao Ba night out, during the day only when the tide rise and fall slightly, at night, around the bait. The breeding season of big abalone varies from region to region. It breeds in sea water at 20 to 24°C from July to August in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, and in Fujian Sea at 21 to 24°C from April to May.
2 Breeding technology
2.1 Aquaculture site construction Aquaculture sites in the sea area should have natural abalone distribution, seaweed production, rich bait, smooth water flow, high salinity, rock bottom, no ice in winter, little predators, no pollution, water depth After the ebb tide is still maintained at 8 ~ 9m.
2.2 Feed Preparation The benthic diatoms (mainly navicium, diamond-shaped algae, etc.) are inoculated on the picking plate 40 to 50 days before picking, and the benthic food organisms are cultured to provide bait for the young larvae. need. The abalone baits are mainly brown algae, followed by green algae and red algae. When fresh seaweeds are in short supply, seaweed and wakame can be supplemented with frozen or dried products, or artificial feeds can be used.
2.3 Feeding Management
2.3.1 Seed Breeding 1 Parent Breeding The selection of pro-Bao should be 8-9cm or more, and the body is robust. The ratio of male to female is 2:1. Then, the pro-bomber promotes cultivation (ie, from 3 months before harvest, the stocking capacity per cubic meter of water should not exceed 2.5 kg, 10 per cage, and be raised in the pond. The amount of bait should be 30 per day. % feeding, best for brown algae, continuously inflated day and night, fed with water for 24 hours, the daily exchange of water is 4 to 5 times that of cultivating water, from the beginning of March, the daily water temperature is increased by 2°C, and the water temperature rises to 20°C. Constant temperature culture). 2 When collecting sperm and eggs, when the effective accumulated temperature reaches 1200°C, and Pro-Blood's gonads are 3°, under the condition of 20～22°C water temperature and UV-induced, pro-Bao can lay eggs at about midnight. At night, pro-Blood with full gonads and large swollen area, with feet up, apply clean and moist gauze, dries for about 1 hour, then separates the male and female, puts a pro-Bao in each egg-bearing vat, and injects with UV rays. The irradiated seawater is kept quiet and can lay eggs in one hour. A small number of individuals who do not lay eggs can spawn a large number of eggs and ejaculate after replacing the new ultraviolet rays. The induction time of the male abalone can be 0.5 to 1 hour later than that of the female abalone. 3 Fertilization and incubation At a water temperature of 20°C, add semen while laying eggs. After fertilization is completed, add fresh seawater and leave for 20-30 minutes. When the fertilized eggs have sunk to the bottom, remove the water from above and add water again. , so repeated washing 5 to 10 times, and then in a constant water temperature (20 ° C) to hatch. Do not feed bait during hatching, change water 2 or 3 times a day, change the amount of water 3/4, change the water method with egg washing. Incubation of the larvae was achieved within 13 hours of hatching and platter larvae were reached within 3 to 4 days. Finally breeding. Siphoning is used during breeding to move raised larvae into another tank for cultivation. 4 When the water temperature is 20°C, the larvae can enter the flood season after 65 hours of fertilization. Before this time, the larvae are placed and the seedling board is usually placed on a surface of 1 square meter. The seedling board is 22 square meters. . The role of seedlings in addition to the addition of Bao larvae, but also provide food. 5 After larvae have been bred for 3 days, the larvae can be completely attached, and the water can be changed by siphoning. After the fifth day, the water can be used for cultivation. The amount of water flow per day is more than three times that of the water body. Water temperature should be maintained at 18 ~ 25 °C, salinity maintained at 27 or more, half a month after harvesting, appropriate nutrient salt, so that the bait can continue to grow and reproduce. 6 Cultivation of young abalone When the young abalone grows to 3~5mm, it can be peeled off from the harvesting seedlings and put into a cage for running water feeding. When peeling, the seedling board will be immersed in 2% alcohol solution for 1 to 2 minutes. When the uncle is uneasy, it may vibrate or be rubbed with a plastic sponge to remove. Bao long within 7mm, can be fed artificially formulated bait powder; more than 7mm can be fed artificially formulated pellet bait.
2.3.2 Breeding into a bait 1 Naturally rearing artificially cultivated juvenile abalone, and when they grow to more than 1.5cm, they can be stocked naturally in selected sea areas. 2 Submarine culture Put abalone into metal cages, bamboo cages or bamboo tubes. The amount is so that Bao has a certain degree of freedom for the degree of activity, while the weight of bait weighing 10% to 30%, and then closed, placed in the sea fixed. In addition, a rope is tied to the container that holds the abalone, and it is placed on the bamboo raft on the sea surface for easy operation and management. 3 Open culture Put artificially cultivated seedlings into the culture device. The culture device can be designed according to Bao's ecological habits. The design principle is similar to that of a small artificial reef, which is conducive to the hiding of the abalone and increasing the habitat area. In order to prevent predators, the grower needs to be protected with corrosion-resistant metal and nylon mesh. Open culture generally does not require manual management. 4 Scorpion farming The use of 533540cm polyethylene cage rigid plastic bucket, hanging on the cultured quail. During the growing period, feeding is performed once every 7 days, removing feces and baits, scrubbing the sludge, and dredging the water, and periodically changing the external net. 5 Ponds The pools are built on the shallow shores of the bay or rocky reefs. Feeding and drainage systems must be provided in the breeding ponds for seawater replacement.
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