Festuca arundinacea is a cool-season turfgrass. The optimum temperature for growth is 15°C to 25°C. It is susceptible to diseases at high temperatures and the mortality rate is high in summer. Two-year and three-year turf life is the most vigorous. After four or five years, the turfgrass enters the aging stage, and the growth force gradually declines. The tall fescue lawn in Gulou Square was planted in 1996. It has been more than 9 years old and has already entered the aging stage. How to prevent the aging of the tall fescue turf and maintain the beauty of the tall fescue turf is a new topic for us. We analyzed the causes of turfgrass aging and adopted a series of measures to ensure the appearance of tall fescue.
First, the performance and causes of aging
Mainly manifested in the growing recession, resistance to diseases and insect pests, high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, reduced drought resistance, increased weeds, serious diseases and insect pests, reduced ability to recover after illness, and reduced ornamental effect. The main reasons are as follows:
1. Deterioration of soil quality
After four years, the soil of the tall fescue turf was consumed. Even if the fertilization was performed regularly every year, the nutrients were only distributed in the topsoil layer and the soil fertilizer could not be effectively supplemented. Turfgrass soil is gradually compacted, and the turfgrass root system is unable to stretch. Soil permeability and poor air permeability cause turfgrass to weaken or die.
2. Root life weakened
The roots of newly established Tall Fescue turf are deep, mostly concentrated in a depth of 4-8 cm deep, with sufficient root volume and strong rooting ability. With the increase of grass age, the growth point of the root system is extended, and the old roots in the deep soil have no new roots and absorption capacity. Most of the roots are distributed on the surface of the soil 1 to 3 cm, and the ability to develop roots is reduced. Reduced vigor.
3. Increased pests and diseases in soil
The deteriorated soil quality of old Tall Fescue Turfgrass causes the increase of pathogenic bacteria and pests in the soil. The annual chemical control can only cure the problem and can not cure the disease, making the formation of a variety of potential bacteria in the turf soil. Once encountering unfavorable factors such as high temperature, high humidity, and rapid temperature changes, it is very easy to induce a large number of bacterial activities, resulting in a large area of ​​lawn disease. At the same time, a large number of insect pests in the growing season have often caused pests due to a large number of underground pests that cannot be effectively killed.
4. Lawn tiller force Nt-ll~
With the increase of lawn age, the regenerative ability of turfgrass plants weakened, the tillering power was greatly reduced, and it was difficult for a tan to recover to its original state.
5. Lawn weed increase
In general, turfgrass has been planted for more than two years, and weeds have gradually increased. Weeds have a strong vitality and spread rapidly. If they are not cleared in time, they will also affect the growth of turfgrass, and even cause devastating disasters.
II. Maintenance and Management of Aging Tall Fescue Turfgrass
For the aged F. arundinacea turfgrass aged over 45 years, the most important issue is the renewal of the turfgrass. Since Gulou Square does not have the conditions to fully update the lawn, we can only extend daily maintenance management to extend its growth life.
1. Carefully watered
For the characteristics of aging turfgrass, we strictly control the time, method, frequency, and volume of water. Watering should be completed before 10am in the summer to avoid watering in the afternoon and evening. The method is based on a trickle of water, and no flooding is required. Each time the amount of water should be moderate, hanging root water and stagnant water are not conducive to the growth of turfgrass. The watering interval is shorter than that of the older turfgrass. The tall fescue enjoys more water than other turfgrasses. Generally, the soil is dried to a depth of one centimeter to add water in time to avoid drought. For irrigated turfgrass, artificial replenishment must be done and must not be missed.
2. Days to clear weeds
Due to the longer growing season, more weeds, and less competitive turfgrasses, weeds can easily invade the nutritional space of turfgrass and make the growth of lawns more debilitating. Therefore, weeds must be removed promptly. Weeds are killed in the bud. Especially for malignant weeds such as Trichoderma spp., Bermudagrass, Zoysia japonica, and Tianhu vine, they must be cleared as soon as possible, or they will suffer endless troubles, which will cause devastating disasters to Tall Fescue Turf.
3. Strengthen pest control
The aging lawn is susceptible to pests and diseases, and it is difficult to recover to its original state after onset. Therefore, the principle of “fine, diligent, accurate, fast, uniform†should be adhered to in terms of pest control. “Fine†refers to careful observation during the occurrence period of pests and diseases, and timely detection of pests and diseases; “Diligence†refers to increasing the number of sprayings in the high incidence period of pests and diseases, and the general aging turf has to increase the spraying frequency by one third compared with the strong lawn: "Preciseness" means that the judgment of pests and diseases and the use of drugs must be accurate. When the symptoms of pests and diseases are found, the type of pests and diseases can be accurately determined. The only way to prevent the spread and spread of diseases and insect pests is to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Speed ​​up and fight for time. "Smooth" refers to ensuring that the agent is sprayed and infiltrated into various parts of the plant and within a range of soil layers. Only by following these principles can the loss of pests and diseases be minimized. The common pests of tall fescue lawns in Drum Tower Plaza are crickets and noctuidae pests. During a certain period of time, crickets were seriously damaged, and drug control has no effect. We launched everyone to lift the lawn one by one to artificially catch the earthworms and control the pests. .
4. Rational fertilization
Due to the depletion of nutrients in the soil of the aging turf, the turf has serious malnutrition, and it is necessary to strengthen the supply of nutrients. Fertilizer in the growing season should adhere to the principle of “a small number of timesâ€. Fertilizer is mainly nutrient-rich compound fertilizer, with a small amount of urea.
5. Pruning
The lawn should be trimmed regularly, and proper trimming can smooth the lawn surface, promote branching of the turfgrass, increase the density of the lawn, and maintain the function of viewing and grazing the lawn. The frequency of lawn trimming is determined by the principle of “one-thirdâ€, that is, for any one trim, the cut part must be within one-third of the total height of the turfgrass. If more than this amount, the photosynthesis of turfgrass will be drastically reduced due to the large loss of leaf area, and then only the available charcoal compounds will be used in the new twig tissue, so that a large number of root systems will not have enough nutrients to sustain growth. And a lot of death. The Gaomei Maoping at Gulou Square is trimmed about 3-4 times during the peak season, and it should be implemented according to actual conditions.
6. Grab the grass seriously
Aging turfgrass is ageing and its ability to deliver is reduced. Care must be taken in combing grass. It is necessary to grasp the principles of “early, light, and diligentâ€. Combs should use special steel wire rods, the best time for early spring, after the summer as much as possible combing grass, and combing grass should be light, as far as possible to avoid significant strain on the lawn and reduce vitality, to create conditions for disease infection. In order to remove the bacteria on the submerged grass, the grass should be breathable and permeable, and it must be combed regularly. Therefore, the number of combing grasses can be appropriately increased under the premise of “lightnessâ€.
7. Timely hole fertilizer
Due to soil compaction, poor ventilation, and poor water permeability, the aging grass can loose soil and improve soil quality through hole irrigation to improve the root environment and promote turf regeneration. At present, due to the limitation of objective conditions, we have not yet really started this work. We are creating conditions to carry out this work as soon as possible, giving the lawn an excellent environment for growth.
Third, partial update
As the tall fescue turf lawn in Gulou Square has been planted for 8-9 years, the local turf has severely declined, and some areas have almost all been encroached by weeds. It is impossible to rejuvenate the lawn only through conservation and management. There are no conditions. In order to reverse the decline of the lawn, we have taken measures to partially update the lawn while strengthening management and maintenance of the lawn. We have to partially replant the degraded lawn that has been irrecoverable, and update it 50-80 square meters each time. Affect the lawn landscape, and gradually updated the lawn, practice has proved that this method is feasible.
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