The application amount of basal fertilizer should be determined according to factors such as the size of jujube tree body and the type of organic fertilizer. Generally, 30 to 80 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each tree in the growing season, and 100 to 250 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each tree in the fruiting period. For pure jujube gardens, organic manure is applied at 667 to 600 kg per 666.7 m2. High-quality organic fertilizer with high nutrient content can be applied less, and soil-fertilizer with low nutrient content can be applied more.
The amount of available nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers in the base fertilizer is determined by the size of the jujube tree. The results of the growth period of the tree each urea 0.2 ~ 0.4 kg, superphosphate 0.5 ~ 1.0 kilogram full fruit tree urea added 0.4 ~ 0.8 kg per unit, superphosphate 1.0 ~ 1.5 kg.
Basal fertilizer refers mainly to fertilizers that can supply various essential elements of crops over a longer period of time. Basal fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer. Jujube base fertilizer can be applied from autumn to late spring, but it is best applied in autumn. This is because the root activity of the autumnal jujube trees is still relatively strong, and the ground temperature is also high. The wounds that are wounded during fertilization are easy to heal, and new roots can be issued to promote root absorption of nutrients. In autumn, the weather is usually sunny and the temperature is appropriate. When applying basal fertilizer in autumn, adding some available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers will help enhance the photosynthesis of the leaves, extend the photosynthesis time of the tree, and increase the storage nutrition of the tree. In addition, the organic fertilizer applied in the autumn is further decomposed in autumn, winter, and early spring, so that organic nutrients are continuously converted into effective nutrients. Further decomposition of Hunchun makes organic nutrients continuously converted into effective nutrients, which can be fully utilized in Hunchun. Effect, timely for budding and flowering purposes. If there is no time to use it after autumn for various reasons, it should be applied early in the spring after the soil has been de-iced.
Organic fertilizers must be decomposed before they can be used. This is because: First, the organic nutrients contained in organic fertilizers are mainly in the organic state, while the nutrients that can be absorbed in the roots are mainly in the inorganic state. Only when the organic fertilizers are in the decomposed process, the organic nutrients can be converted into inorganic available nutrients. It is absorbed by the jujube tree root; second, if the organic fertilizer is directly applied to the root of the jujube without being subjected to a decomposing process, the root system can be burned and the jujube tree can be severely damaged. This is due to the decomposition of organic fertilizer in the soil, which generates a lot of heat and burns the roots of the jujube tree. Third, the organic fertilizer is decomposed before application, and can utilize the large amount of heat generated during the decomposed process to transfer the straw in the organic fertilizer. Kill bacteria and parasite eggs to prevent the spread of weeds and germs.
Organic manure is the general term for farmyard fertilizers. Commonly used organic fertilizers include ring fertilizers, manure fertilizers, human wastes, green manures, miscellaneous fertilizers, and cake fertilizers. Organic manure is a complete fertilizer, which contains various nutrient soil structures necessary for jujube trees to improve soil fertility and water retention. Organic manure is the main source of soil microbial energy and nutrients. Applying organic manure can promote the activity of soil microorganisms. The microbial activity accelerates the decomposition and mineralization of organic fertilizers and releases nutrients. During the decomposition process of organic fertilizers, a variety of organic acids are produced, which are conducive to the dissolution and release of insoluble nutrients in the soil, increase the effectiveness of nutrients, and give full play to the potential fertility of the soil. Organic fertilizers can produce carbon dioxide during the decomposition process and promote the photosynthesis of jujube trees. In short, the role of organic fertilizer is multi-faceted, it has the superiority of fertilizer.
Jujube basal fertilizer application methods are: ring groove, radial groove, strip groove, point hole, the national or tree plate and so on. Which fertilization method to choose depends on the age of the tree, planting density, soil type, and fertilizer.
(1) The ring groove is to excavate an annular groove around the periphery of the crown, with a depth and width of 30-50 cm. The topsoil and organic fertilizers are mixed and filled into the ditch and then filled with subsoil. The fertilization method is suitable for jujube saplings, the fertilization ditch moves outwards year by year, and the roots are induced to expand outward.
(2) Radial furrows are used to excavate 4 to 6 incident furrows 30 to 50 centimeters away from the trunk of the jujube tree. The furrows grow to about 0.5 meters outside the canopy, and the furrows are 30 to 50 centimeters deep and 30 inches wide. The ditch is shallower in the vicinity and deeper into the ditch. Mix the topsoil with the base fertilizer and mix it in. Then use the subsoil to fill in the grooves. This method of fertilizer application has less root damage, and has a larger contact area between roots and fertilizers. It is suitable for mature trees.
(3) The strip-shaped gutters, namely the Shunzao tree line, dig a pass ditch around the side of the canopy, and a short ditch can be dug around the canopy of the jujube tree. Ditch depth and width are 30 to 50 cm. Slots should be rotated on both sides of the crown. This method saves labor and fertilizer, and it is very suitable for use in flatland and date gardens.
(4) The method of spreading the whole garden and the tree plate is to spread the base fertilizer evenly under the canopy or under the canopy, and then deep-dip 20-30 cm and turn the fertilizer into the soil.
Several fertilization methods can be used interchangeably. When digging a fertilizing ditch, it is necessary to injure the root system, especially roots larger than 0.5 cm in diameter, so as to avoid cutting off.
Top dressing is based on the characteristics of required growth of jujube tree growth and utilization of quick-acting fertilizers to provide nutrient fertilization methods for jujube trees. Topdressing uses quick-acting fertilizers, mainly chemical fertilizers. Such as urea, ammonium bicarbonate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride and so on.
Top dressing is different from basal dressing. Top dressing usually contains only one or a few kinds of nutrients necessary for jujube, which is incomplete fertilizer. Base fertilizer is mainly composed of organic fertilizer and contains various nutrients required for jujube trees, which belongs to complete fertilizer. Basal fertilizer exerts slow effect, long-term fertilizer effect, and it is not easy to be leached; the effect of applying fertilizer is fast, the fertilizer effect is short, and it is easily lost with water. Topdressing and basal fertilizer have important effects on the normal growth and development of jujube trees and their high and stable yields. They should all be taken seriously and should not be neglected.
Topdressing must be applied during the growing season when the jujube needs nutrients most. If the top-dressing period is not correct, it will not achieve the purpose of top-dressing, and sometimes it will also reduce the yield and quality of jujube trees, resulting in the waste of artificial and fertilizer. According to the characteristics of the phenological period of jujube, jujube topdressing is mainly divided into 4 periods.
(1) Before germination (mid-four months, mid-term), the topdressing fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and appropriate phosphate fertilizer is appropriate. Its role is to make jujube budding, branches and leaves robust growth, and flower bud differentiation. For jujube gardens with inadequate basal fertilizer or declining tree vigor, this top dressing is particularly important.
(2) Before flowering (in late May), the flowering period is topped with phosphate fertilizer. The effect of topdressing is to promote flowering and fruit setting and increase fruit setting rate. Avoid excessive competition for nutrients caused by intensive competition during the phenophase.
(3) In the young fruit development period (late June to early July), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are topdressed. The effect is to promote the growth of young fruit, prevent a large number of fruit drop, and increase fruit size.
(4) The rapid fruit growth period in the fruit growth period (upper and middle August), topdressing with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, appropriate increase in the amount of potash fertilizer, the role is to increase fruit and photosynthetic, increase the fruit sugar content , Increase the quality of the fruit, and it helps to improve the storage of nutrients in the tree.
Top dressing application methods mainly use acupoints. That is, digging more than 10 small pits or several small ditches under the canopy, applying fertilizer, and then covering the soil. For urea and other fast-dissolving nitrogen fertilizers, it can also be sprinkled into a tree tray and watered immediately. Fertilizer can gradually infiltrate with water and be absorbed by the root system. The application depth of topdressing should be determined by the nature of chemical fertilizers. In the soil, easily mobile fertilizers such as nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer can be applied shallowly, and the depth of the application pit is 5 to 10 cm. For fertilizers that do not easily move in the soil, such as superphosphate, they should be concentrated in the root distribution area to increase the contact between roots and fertilizers and reduce the fixation of nutrients in the soil. Jujube tree recovery should be based on the age, tree vigor, yield, soil fertility, soil type and other factors to consider. At present, there is very little research on the amount of fertilizer applied in jujube trees. The application rate of top-dressing fertilizer is mainly determined by the fertilization experience of the local high-yield gardens. For mature trees, urea 0.5-1.0 kg per plant before germination; 1.0-1.5 kg of superphosphate; 0.5-0.75 kg of potassium sulfate; young fruit During the development period, 0.5-1.0 kg of diammonium phosphate, 0.5-1.0 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.5-1.0 kg of diammonium phosphate during rapid fruit enlargement, and 0.75-1.0 kg of potassium sulfate.
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