Trichoderma ear rot
Symptoms mainly affect the ear. Ears with early onset were pale or straw-colored, and were infected within two weeks after silking. The ear turned grayish brown and the entire ear atrophied or rotted. The light or small ears are erect, when the ear and the inner or inner lobe are closely adhered, the mycelium grows and reproduces, and the black conidiospores are produced on the lobe, on the calyx, and on the edges of the grains in the later period. Device. The ear of the plant was infected at the late growth stage and the appearance was not obvious. Infestation begins at the base of the ear and extends upward from the spike. When peeling or threshing, it can be found that there is a layer of white mold between the grains, and the top has changed color. (right)
Pathogen Diplodia zeae (Schw.) Lev. S. spores is a semi-chicken fungus. Synonyms Maydis(Berk.) Sacc. The pathogen produces a dense black sphere to conospheric conidia at the host epidermis, 350-500 μm in diameter. Conifers light brown, cylindrical or elliptic, with 1 diaphragm, twin cells, size 13-333-7(m); in the field, colorless transparent filamentous spores are sometimes seen. In addition, it has been reported that D. macrospora Earle refers to the spore color di-saturated D. frumenti E11. Et Ev. Dry spores are also known to cause similar lesions.
Transmission routes and pathogenic conditions The pathogens overwinter on diseased seeds or straw by means of a childbearing device, and conidia propagate with the wind in the following year. When corn vomiting, the leaf sheath is loose, and the bacteria that fall into the leaf sheath directly or through the wound can invade directly from the base of the stem, adventitious buds, or the filaments and spikes of the stem. The bacteria can be transmitted long distances with seed transport. Germ growth temperature 28-30 °C. The conidial germination germination temperature of 20 °C. High temperature and rain are conducive to the infection and expansion of pathogens.
Control methods (1) Select disease-resistant varieties. (2) Crops such as leguminous crops should be cultivated for 2-3 years or more to avoid planting corn on low-lying and cold plots. After the harvest, the diseased bodies and diseased ears should be promptly removed to reduce the sources of overwintering bacteria. (3) In regions where the disease is heavy, use 0.5% of 40% seed dressing double or 50% carbendazim WP before seeding to reduce the incidence. (4) The ear moisture was controlled at 18% and the removed grain was kept below 15% at the time of harvest, so that it could be safely stored.
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