Winter fruit trees enter dormancy, growth stops or activities are weak, and the ability to resist disasters is greatly reduced. Therefore, strengthening the winter management of fruit trees is the necessary guarantee for ensuring that the fruit trees safely pass through the winter and seize next year's fruit trees to high yields.
First, exterminate
1. Liquidation and extermination
After the fruit is harvested, the dead branches, fallen leaves, rotten fruit, and weeds that remain under the tree have become places where many germs and pests have hidden in winter. Therefore, the organization should clean up the pests in the fall to the time when the insects are released before the outbreak of the pests in the following year, and burn them in concentrated or high-temperature compost in the orchards.
2. Turnover
In winter, there are many pests of fruit trees that have been overwintering in the soil, such as peach fruit borer, and Zaobu. To do this, before the earth is frozen, the soil under the trees is turned over (25-35 cm deep), so that the wintering pests in the soil are frozen out or eaten by birds, and the pests on the ground can also be destroyed. Or the top soil pests pluck into the depths of the underground soil to suffocate them.
Plowing the orchard will not only help improve the soil
Orchards are more or less infected with pests and diseases during successive years of production. In the early stage of winter, insecticide sterilization should be based on the principle of prevention, prevention and control, so that fruit trees will not be attacked by diseases and insect pests, and fruit trees will thrive.
1. Spray sterilization, the ratio of the sprayed ferrous sulfate: quicklime: water = 3:3:100. Spray fine spray, spray uniform, with the distribution with the spray. It is worth noting that rain can't be sprayed on the rainy days, and windy days can't be sprayed. Sooner or later, when there is dew, it can't be sprayed, and high-temperature weather can't be sprayed. Otherwise, it is easy to produce phytotoxicity or reduce the efficacy of fruit trees. It is best to spray at 8-10 AM and after 3 PM.
2. Autumn planting of fruit trees, whether purchased or exported, must be subject to physical quarantine by the relevant phytosanitary authority. All seedlings with pests and diseases shall be destroyed and qualified persons may conduct transactions and plant cultivation.
3. Mature fruit trees, rough bark, many cracks, rough skin tilt, these places are wintering places for pests and germs. Therefore, the winter bark bark can be concentrated to eliminate it, in order to reduce the population density of the next year and the initial infection of bacteria. For fruit trees with older trees and pear cracks, such as grapes and pears, they can be peeled and scraped. Evergreen fruit trees use Baume 1 degree lime sulfur or 45% crystal lime sulfur in water for 100 times in winter. Peach, pear, grape, plum and other deciduous fruit trees use Baume 3-5 degree lime sulfur or 45% crystal lime sulfur 30-50 times the whole garden spray, can greatly reduce the number of winter diseases and pests.
Third, trim
After one year of growth, fruit trees are liable to cause tree-like disorders. In order to form a good crown structure, prolong economic life, and achieve high quality and stable yield, it is best to prune deciduous fruit trees in the winter from late December to January. Generally young trees and tree branches are lightly sheared; aging trees and weak tree power are sheared; trees with moderate fruiting periods and moderate tree vigor are trimmed, and the growth and result adjustments in the following year are carried out.
Fourth, antifreeze
1. trunk Sokcho.
2. The tree disk is used to cultivate soil, and the fruit tree is centered on the trunk, and the tree disk is 10-20 cm long. However, after the spring temperature rises, the soil around the trunk must be removed to expose the neck.
3. Apply white to the trunk after scraping the skin. The specific method is: 10-12 parts of quicklime, 2 parts of clay, 36-40 parts of water, 2 parts of lime sulfur mixture stock solution or 5 parts of raw liquid residue, 1-2 parts of salt First, use lime to open the water, filter out the residue, pour the salt into the salt, pour the lime sulfur mixture and the clay, and mix the main trunk and the main branch after mixing. The amount of coating shall not prevail.
4. Evergreen trees can use 0.5% urea solution or potassium in the world in conjunction with Spring Rain No. 1 projectile fruit tree type for extra-root fertilizer at noon on sunny days in winter to increase the humidity of the orchard and increase the anti-freezing ability.
5. In winter drought conditions, conditional orchards can be irrigated from mid-December to early January.
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