(1) Routine inspections should be conducted every morning and evening to monitor Dianchi Lake. This includes checking water temperature, water quality, water level, and observing the activities of earthworms, the condition of fish, presence of floating heads, or signs of disease. If any issues are detected, they should be addressed immediately. Any leaks in the pond must be repaired, and water levels should be maintained properly. Special attention should be given to newly hatched pupae and those undergoing peak metamorphosis, especially during the hot summer season. The frequency of inspections and management should be increased to ensure optimal conditions.
(2) Controlling water temperature and water quality in aquaculture ponds is crucial. Water temperature should be maintained between 2°C and 35°C, with an ideal range of 25°C to 30°C. Below 23°C, metamorphosis can be affected, and above 35°C, survival rates may decrease. To maintain proper temperatures, adjust the water level and perform regular water changes. The water depth in the pond should typically range from 30 cm to 80 cm. In colder conditions, lower water levels may be used, while higher levels are preferred in warmer weather. During summer, increasing the water level and providing shade on the pond surface helps regulate temperature. Freshwater should also be added regularly to maintain stability.
Water quality is essential for the health of earthworms. Good water should be clean, rich in plankton, with dissolved oxygen above 3 mg/L, salinity below 2‰, and a pH between 6.6 and 8.2. Water color, clarity, and plankton levels are indicators of quality. If water quality deteriorates, partial water changes (1/4 to 1/2 of the total volume) should be done at specific times—usually around 7-8 AM or 3-4 PM. In severe cases, remove the earthworms, clean the pond, and reseed after sterilization. Maintaining a balanced fertilizer system helps stabilize the environment. Regular water changes are necessary, with larger pools changing water based on need and smaller pools more frequently—every 5-10 days normally, and every 1-3 days in summer. Fresh water should be added daily, and slow-flowing water can enhance oxygenation. Sprinklers or flowing water systems can also help increase dissolved oxygen levels.
(3) Keeping the pool water clean is essential. Any floating debris, membranes, or dead earthworms should be removed promptly. Bait stations should be cleaned regularly and disinfected using bleach or sun exposure. Leftover food in the stations must be cleared to prevent decay in the water. After each feeding cycle, sludge and leftover feed should be completely removed from the bottom of the pool to maintain hygiene.
(4) Floating head behavior can indicate different conditions. If earthworms float vertically in the water and move with the bait, it is normal. However, if they remain floating for long periods or appear inactive, it may signal low oxygen or illness. During hot weather, floating before dawn suggests insufficient dissolved oxygen. If they do not float after sunrise, the issue is less severe. High stocking density, excessive fertilization, or sudden weather changes can lead to early-night floating, indicating serious oxygen deficiency and poor water quality. In such cases, water should be changed and aerators activated. If no water source or aeration equipment is available, bleaching powder can be sprinkled to reach a concentration of 1 mg/L, and 1 kg of Yufuling per acre can be used for oxygenation. In summer, applying chemical oxygen agents daily, such as 60-120 grams of calcium oxide per square meter, can help prevent oxygen depletion, gradually reducing the amount to avoid raising the pH too much.
(5) Proper care during metamorphosis is critical. The period when the front limbs begin to grow and the tail is absorbed is the most vulnerable time, and even minor mistakes can lead to high mortality. Earthworms do not eat during this stage but absorb nutrients through their tails. At the same time, their respiratory function shifts due to degeneration of gills, so they cannot stay submerged for long and require access to air. Therefore, feeding should be stopped, and landing areas should be created. A gentle slope on the pond edge, along with floating boards or logs, provides resting spots. Personnel should minimize disturbance to avoid affecting the process. Once metamorphosis is complete, the young frogs should be transferred to the frog pond.
Feeding methods for large chickens include two stages: pre-chicken and fattening. Early chicken rearing is similar to that of standard chickens. During the fattening phase, various methods such as cage rearing, open-field grazing, or flat raising can be used. Large chickens have a high appetite and rapid weight gain, so energy-rich feeds should be provided to support fat deposition. During the fattening stage, feeds like rice, corn, sweet potatoes, and peanut bran should be included, while fish-based feeds should be avoided to prevent off-flavors. In the early stage, coarse grains like corn kernels or sweet potato granules can be fed, while in the later stage, self-fertilized or commercial feeds are suitable. Adding sand, green materials, and other supplements improves digestion and appetite.
Feed requirements vary depending on the stage. Daily feed intake for large chickens is around 65-75 grams, divided into three meals. Feeding can be adjusted based on appetite and environmental conditions, such as feeding at night during hot summers. During the fattening period, high-energy feeds like peanut bran, lard, or oil can be added to promote weight gain. Wet materials should be half-dried to improve palatability. Ensuring clean, fresh water is available daily supports overall health and growth.
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