(1) Routine inspections should be conducted every morning and evening to monitor Dianchi Lake, checking water temperature, water quality, water level, and the condition of earthworms, as well as the presence of fish remnants, floating heads, or signs of disease. Any signs of pests should be removed immediately. If there is a leak in the pond, it must be repaired promptly. Other issues should also be addressed quickly. Extra attention and more frequent checks are necessary for newly hatched larvae and those undergoing peak metamorphosis, especially during the hot summer months.
(2) Controlling water temperature and water quality in aquaculture ponds is crucial. The optimal water temperature for survival is 25–30°C, with a range of 2–35°C. Temperatures below 23°C can slow down metamorphosis, while above 35°C may reduce survival rates. To maintain suitable conditions, adjust the water level and perform water changes regularly. The pond depth should generally be between 30–80 cm. In colder conditions, lower the water level slightly, but raise it when temperatures rise. During summer, increase the water level and provide shade on the pond surface, along with fresh water circulation.
Water quality is essential for earthworm survival. Good water should be clear, rich in plankton, with dissolved oxygen above 3 mg/L, salinity under 2‰, and pH between 6.6 and 8.2. Water color, clarity, and plankton levels are used to assess quality. If the water deteriorates, change it gradually—1/4 to 1/2 of the volume at a time. Water changes should occur every 7–8 days, or more frequently in summer (every 1–3 days). If the water becomes severely polluted, remove the earthworms, clean the pond, and re-introduce sterilized water. Regular water changes help maintain stability. Large ponds should change water based on quality, while small ones need more frequent changes. Freshwater should be added daily, and water should flow slowly over the ground to increase oxygen levels. Sprinklers can also be used to enhance oxygenation.
(3) Maintaining pool cleanliness is vital. Remove floating debris, membranes, and dead organisms from the water surface promptly. Clean feeding stations regularly, using bleach or sun exposure for disinfection. Clear leftover food to prevent spoilage in the pond. After each feeding cycle, remove sludge and leftover feed from the bottom of the pond.
(4) Floating heads are a sign of distress. If they float vertically in the water, it may be normal if they are consuming bait. However, if they remain floating for long periods or appear inactive, it could indicate low oxygen or illness. During hot weather, dragonflies floating near dawn suggest low dissolved oxygen. If they do not float after sunrise, the issue may not be severe. High stocking density, excessive fertilizer, or unusual heat and thunderstorms can cause early-night floating, indicating serious oxygen deficiency and poor water quality. In such cases, water should be changed, and an aerator activated. If no water source or aeration is available, add 1 mg/L of bleaching powder to the water to kill plankton. Apply 1 kg of Yufuling powder per acre for oxygenation. In summer, use chemical oxygen agents daily, applying 60–120 grams of calcium oxide per square meter, gradually reducing the amount to avoid increasing water alkalinity.
(5) Proper management during metamorphosis is critical. The period when the front limbs begin to grow and the tail is absorbed is the most dangerous stage. Even minor oversight can lead to high mortality. At this stage, earthworms do not eat but absorb nutrients through their tails. They also breathe through their lungs due to degeneration of gills, so they cannot stay submerged for long and need to access air. Therefore, feeding should be stopped, and landing areas should be provided. Build gentle slopes on the pond edges and place floats like planks in the water for resting. Minimize human activity near the pond to avoid disturbing the process. Transfer the young frogs to a separate area as soon as possible.
Feeding methods for large chickens include two stages: the early chicken stage and the fattening stage. Early chicken care is similar to that of regular chickens. During the fattening phase, different rearing methods can be used, such as cage raising, shed cultivation, or free-range grazing.
Big chickens require higher energy intake for rapid weight gain and fat deposition. Increase the proportion of energy-rich feeds in their diet to support growth. During the fattening period, supplement their diet with ingredients like rice, corn, sweet potatoes, and peanut bran, avoiding fish-based feeds, especially in the later stages, to prevent a fishy odor. In the early stage, feed them coarser grains, and during the fattening period, use homemade or commercial feeds. Add sand, green materials, and other roughage to improve digestion and appetite.
Feed requirements should be adjusted accordingly. Feed them 65–75 grams of compound feed daily, divided into three meals. In summer, feed them in the evening when it’s cooler. During the fattening phase, add high-energy ingredients like peanut bran, oil, or lard to the diet. Provide half-dried wet feed to improve taste. Ensure clean and sufficient drinking water every day. Maintain a consistent feeding schedule for better growth and health.
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