Gesonula punctifrons (Stdl), commonly known as a species of grasshopper in the family Acrididae, is widely distributed across several provinces in China, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Sichuan, and Yunnan. This pest primarily affects a variety of crops and plants such as rice, alfalfa, lotus root, wild daffodils, sugarcane, and corn.
The damage caused by this insect is characterized by nymphs feeding on the leaf surfaces, leaving behind thin epidermal layers. Affected leaves often display small purple spots that appear horizontally, which can significantly impair photosynthesis and hinder plant growth. These symptoms are typically most noticeable during the growing season when infestations are at their peak.
In terms of physical characteristics, adult females measure between 19-22 mm in length, while males are slightly smaller, ranging from 17-18 mm. The body color is yellow-green, with dark brown longitudinal stripes running along the rear of the compound eyes and the upper edge of the prothoracic plate. These markings extend backward to the middle and posterior thoracic segments. The forewings are yellow-green, while the hind wings have a light blue base and a slightly smoky tip. The hind legs are yellow-green, with a red knee area, a pale blue tibia, and a red base. The head is shorter than the prothorax, and the forehead slopes backward, forming an acute angle at the top of the head. A prominent longitudinal groove runs along the forehead, and the crown between the compound eyes is narrower or equal to the width of the antennal bulge.
The antennae are filiform and extend beyond the posterior edge of the prothorax. The front part of the thoracodorsal plate is narrow, widening toward the back, with weak mid-longitudinal ridges and three transverse grooves. The rear lateral groove is positioned behind the middle, with a nearly straight leading edge and a rounded trailing edge. Both the front and hind wings are well developed, extending beyond the hind leg segment. The hind legs have 8–9 spines on the inner side, with the distance between the first and second spines being longer than the spacing between other spines.
Eggs are elongated, measuring 4–5 mm in length, initially light yellow and gradually darkening to a yellowish-brown hue. They are encased in a protective cystic membrane. Newly hatched nymphs are light green, transitioning to a yellow-green color as they mature.
In Guangdong, G. punctifrons completes one generation per year, but three generations may occur under favorable conditions. Adults remain hidden under leaf litter and become active in late March or early April. Egg-laying occurs in May and June, typically in the middle to lower parts of petioles. The eggs are covered in a yellow-brown adhesive substance. Each female lays 8–10 eggs, with each egg containing 6–18 individual eggs. The egg stage lasts 20–32 days, followed by a nymphal stage lasting more than 30 days. By October and November, nymphs enter the wintering stage.
Adults are diurnal, becoming less active during hot midday hours when they tend to rest on leaves rather than feed. Their presence in fields is most common between July and September.
For control, it is recommended to manually remove eggs by scraping the egg-laying sites during the spawning period. When the egg holes appear smooth and release a rust-brown liquid, it indicates that the eggs have hatched or are about to hatch. Accurate timing of this intervention can significantly reduce population numbers. Additionally, spraying pesticides during the nymph stage is effective. Specific pesticide recommendations can be found in local agricultural guidelines for rice cultivation.
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