With the arrival of summer, the high temperature and humidity create a challenging environment for pig farming, leading to various negative impacts on production. These include reduced feed intake, breeding difficulties in sows, increased postpartum infections, higher mortality rates among piglets, and slower growth in finishing pigs. The primary cause of these issues is heat stress, making it essential to implement effective strategies to mitigate its effects and ensure the health and productivity of the pigs.
**Summer Farm Diseases**
Heat stress is an invisible but serious threat to pig farms, often causing damage that is not immediately visible like diseases. It can significantly affect both growing pigs and breeding stock.
**(1) Impact of Heat Stress on Growing Pigs**
The ideal temperature range for finishing pigs is between 18°C and 21°C. When temperatures rise above 32°C to 38°C, pigs experience heat stress. Studies show that when the ambient temperature exceeds the optimal range by 5°C to 10°C, feed intake decreases by 6% to 12%. Heat stress disrupts the endocrine system, reduces central nervous system activity related to feeding, and leads to lower daily weight gain and delayed slaughter times.
**(2) Effects on Reproductive Performance in Breeding Sows**
Heat stress negatively affects reproductive performance in sows. During early pregnancy (days 0–30) and late pregnancy (days 90–114), heat stress can lead to lower fertility rates, increased abortions, and stillbirths. Lactating sows may also experience reduced milk production, weaning problems, and higher rates of aggression and regurgitation. Additionally, pre-labor heat stress can reduce litter birth weight, prolong labor, and increase stillbirths during farrowing.
In summer, there is an increased incidence of diarrhea and enteritis in pigs. This is often caused by chronic ileitis, with symptoms such as loose stools and mucus in feces. High temperatures and humidity create a strong physiological stimulus, weakening the pigs' immune system and allowing *Lawsonia intracellularis* to proliferate, leading to proliferative enteritis. Other contributing factors include maternal infections and poor management practices.
Heat stress can also trigger sub-healthy conditions, such as high fever syndrome, which occurs when pigs are infected with immunosuppressive viruses or exposed to combined stressors like heat stress. This can result in mixed infections from viruses, bacteria, or parasites. Many farmers have observed that this condition is common during hot summer months.
**Prevention and Control Strategies for Heat Stress**
Relieving heat stress is crucial for maintaining the health and productivity of pigs during the summer.
**(1) Cooling Measures**
Pig farms should adopt cooling methods based on their specific conditions. Installing fans, air conditioning, misting systems, or using insulation materials can help reduce heat buildup and prevent heatstroke.
**(2) Improve Feeding and Management**
Adjusting feeding practices can help minimize the impact of heat stress. Reducing stocking density, providing nutrient-dense diets, ensuring access to clean water, and changing feeding times can all be beneficial. Avoiding moldy feed is also important.
**(3) Use of Anti-Heat Stress Supplements**
Many farms use vitamin E, vitamin C, baking soda, and herbal additives to combat heat stress. However, since heat stress reduces feed intake, these supplements may not be fully effective. A more effective approach involves using veterinary products like *Veterinary Porcine* (containing VE, VA, VD, VK, PHA, bifidogenic factors, oligosaccharides, etc.) combined with vitamin C, mixed into drinking water for 5–7 days. This not only helps alleviate heat stress but also improves immunity and feed consumption.
**Scientific Health Care for Summer Pig Farms**
Based on years of clinical experience, the following health care plan is recommended to prevent and treat summer-related diseases:
**(1) Feed Additives per Ton:**
- Antiviral I Powder (2 bags)
- Constant Ford (6 bags) or Compound Telimi Vanguard (2 bags)
- Doxycycline (300g)
- Enzyme Plus Probiotics (as recommended)
Mix these ingredients and feed for 7–10 days.
**(2) Water Additives per Ton:**
- Vidor (1 bottle)
- Vitamin C (300g)
Mix and provide for 5–7 days.
By implementing these measures, farmers can effectively manage heat stress and maintain the health and productivity of their pig herds throughout the summer season.
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