The aquaculture environment encompasses the atmospheric conditions, the water in which fish grow, and the overall quality of the aquatic ecosystem. To ensure safe and high-quality production, this environment must meet national standards such as "Environmental Requirements for Production Environment of Agricultural Products for Safety and Quality of Harmless Aquatic Products" (GB/T 18407.4-2001), "Fisheries Water Quality Standard" (GB/T 11607-89), and "Water Quality of Non-pollution Food Freshwater Aquaculture" (NY5051-2001). These guidelines are essential to maintain a healthy and sustainable aquaculture system.
1. **Water Selection for Aquaculture**
When choosing water for herring farming, it's crucial to select areas with a clean ecological environment, sufficient water supply, and no direct exposure to industrial waste, agricultural runoff, urban sewage, or medical waste. The selected water bodies should be free from pollution sources that could threaten the aquatic environment, both within the pond and upstream from irrigation sources. This ensures that the water remains safe for fish growth and minimizes the risk of contamination.
2. **Pond Cleaning**
Sediment buildup in ponds is composed of decomposed organic matter, leftover feed, fish waste, and various types of debris. While some decomposition can provide nutrients for aquatic life, excessive sediment can lead to harmful substances like hydrogen sulfide, methane, and organic acids. These compounds can negatively impact fish health and growth. Therefore, it's important to remove excess sludge periodically. Every one to two years, the pond should be drained, and the bottom silt should be excavated to maintain a depth of about 20 cm. Exposing the pond bed to sunlight and freezing can also help eliminate pests, parasites, and harmful bacteria.
3. **Pond Disinfection**
To improve the pond environment, eliminate potential predators, and prevent bacterial diseases, proper disinfection is necessary. Common disinfectants and their recommended concentrations include:
- Quicklime at 200–250 mg/L or lime water at 20–25 mg/L.
- Bleaching powder at 20 mg/L or 1.0–1.5 mg/L for whole-cell disinfection.
- Sodium dichloroisocyanurate solution at 0.3–0.6 mg/L or trichloroisocyanuric acid at 0.2–0.5 mg/L.
These treatments help create a cleaner and safer environment for herring cultivation.
4. **Water Quality Management**
The water quality directly affects the survival and growth of herring in the pond. Effective water management acts as a key link between the environment and the fish. To support a healthy ecosystem, the pond should have abundant plankton, sufficient organic matter, and balanced nutrients. The water transparency should be maintained between 25–40 cm, dissolved oxygen levels should exceed 4 mg/L, and the pH should stay within 7–8.5. The water should meet the "fat, live, tender, cool" standard, ensuring optimal conditions for herring development and overall productivity.
Food additives
The food additives has many kinds with huge quantities, It has been reached more than 2,000 varieties currently, which is widely used in the food manufacturing industry, The synthetic or natural substance can improve food quality and color, smell and taste as well as the need for preservation, preservation and processing technology. Each country has stringent control on the use of food additives, consumers are also mere mention of the food additive, the experts reminded that consumers needs not too worry about the food additives , during food processing,if not used food additives,it will take more risks, because the deterioration will cause food poisoning disease. Preservative is a kind of food additives which can appropriate prevent food spoilage, kill the toxigenic microorganisms caused by Aspergillus element, it is beneficial to human health. Food additives have a kind named as nutritional supplements, it can greatly improve the nutritional value of food, which has significantly positive on preventing malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies, and promoting nutritional balance. Phthalide is one of the food additive which we carefully focused on development, our annual production capacity is over 300 tons. products are sold to the US market nearby five years, the quality has been widely recognized.
Food additives,Food Ingredient,Food Flavor
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