**1. Site Preparation**
In greenhouses and plastic tunnels, the soil is deeply tilled to a depth of 25 cm to loosen it and promote root development. This process helps improve aeration and drainage, making it more suitable for plant growth. To enrich the soil, 5000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure per acre is mixed in along with 15–20 kg of diammonium phosphate and 150 kg of cake fertilizer. The mixture is thoroughly blended with the soil. A wide rice bed is then created with a height of 15 cm and a spacing of 50 cm between beds, ensuring a flat and fine surface. Before planting, the beds are covered with plastic film 5–6 days in advance to raise the ground temperature, which enhances transplant survival rates.
**2. Selection of High-Quality Varieties**
Choose early-maturing, disease-resistant, cold-tolerant, and low-light-tolerant varieties with compact growth, concentrated fruiting, tender flesh, sweetness, and high yield. Varieties such as Mibao are ideal for cultivation due to their excellent quality and adaptability to greenhouse conditions.
**3. Seedling Technology**
**3.1 Nutrient Soil Preparation**
Prepare a nutrient mix using 3 parts chicken and goat manure, 5 parts Miaotian soil, 2 parts humic soil, and 0.2% diammonium phosphate. Mix well and sieve to ensure even distribution. Disinfect the soil with a 1000-fold solution of carbendazim. Adjust the moisture content by hand, and after 4 hours of steaming, pathogens are eliminated. Fill the seedling trays with the sterilized soil, press it down, and water it before placing them in the nursery.
**3.2 Seed Treatment and Sowing**
Soak seeds in warm water at 55°C, stirring continuously until the temperature drops to 30°C. Soak for 4–6 hours, then disinfect with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 2–3 hours. Rinse the seeds with a damp cloth and germinate them at 30°C. Sow the seeds when about 80% of them have sprouted to the length of the seed itself. In double-layered plastic greenhouses, sowing typically occurs from February 5th to 10th, while in regular greenhouses, it starts in late February.
**Seedling Care**
Maintain daytime temperatures around 30°C and nighttime temperatures around 18°C. After 3 days, cotyledons emerge, and the mulch should be removed to prevent leggy growth. Keep daytime temperatures at 25°C and nighttime temperatures between 13–15°C. Seven to ten days before transplanting, ventilate and harden off the seedlings. Water in the morning before 9:00 AM, keeping the field's moisture at 60–70%. When seedlings reach four true leaves, apply 60 ml/kg of ethephon to control growth and encourage female flower formation.
**4. Transplanting**
Transplant when seedlings are 35–40 days old and have 4 true leaves. In greenhouses, this usually happens between April 5th and 10th. Plant on raised beds with a spacing of 60 cm between rows, 20 cm between plants, and 35 cm between holes. Each hole contains one plant. Water immediately after planting and apply Yawei 1200 times diluted liquid to prevent blight. Cover the soil after watering.
**5. Field Management**
**5.1 Temperature Control**
After planting, do not ventilate for 5 days to increase ground temperature and promote rooting. Once new leaves appear (within 5–10 days), the plants enter the active growth stage. Ventilate when temperatures exceed 30°C, and close vents when temperatures drop below 28°C in the afternoon. When the average daily temperature reaches 18°C, no need to cover the greenhouse at night. By mid-June, remove the arch sheds.
**5.2 Pruning and Vine Management**
When seedlings have 4 true leaves, prune the main stem to encourage lateral vine growth. When the lateral vines begin to set fruit, pinch back the first 4 leaves to promote the growth of the main vines. If the vines do not bear fruit, prune them when they have 3 leaves to encourage fruit setting. Pinch back the leaves before the fruit appears to promote fruit expansion and early maturity. Leave 3–4 fruits per plant.
**5.3 Fertilization**
Since the plant produces fruit continuously, it requires consistent nutrients. Apply 20 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu when the fruits begin to set. During the rapid fruit expansion phase, apply 30 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu. Later, spray 0.3–0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2–3 times to enhance fruit quality.
**5.4 Watering**
Water immediately after transplanting, but avoid overwatering to prevent root rot. Light watering 5–6 days after planting helps acclimate the seedlings. During vine growth, water along with top dressing. During fruit expansion, provide ample water. Once the fruit matures, reduce watering to concentrate sugars and improve flavor.
**5.5 Fruit Support and Turning**
Support the fruit with grass or woven mats to ensure even growth and uniform color. Turn the melons 2–3 hours before sunset to ensure even ripening.
**5.6 Disease Control**
To manage wilt and blight, use a 1500–2000 times dilution of 50% sterilizing agent. For powdery mildew, apply 20% triadimefon at 800 times. For aphids, spray 40% dimethoate at 1000 times.
**6. Harvesting**
Harvest when the female flowers bloom 25–30 days later. The fruit should have a bright skin, clear patterns, shiny surface, and show the variety’s natural color and aroma. The spines near the stem should fall off, and the fruit’s base should soften. Harvest when the fruit makes a hollow sound when tapped. Greenhouse harvests occur from late May to early June, while arch shed harvests take place in mid-to-late June.
Harvesting is best done in the early morning, but the fruit has high water content and is less transportable. Alternatively, pick from 1–3 PM, as the quality is better. Avoid harvesting overripe fruits, as they become soft, lose sweetness, and spoil quickly. For local sales, 90% of the fruits can be harvested.
Smart Manhole Cover
Smart manhole covers represent the next generation of urban infrastructure technology, designed to improve city management, safety, and maintenance efficiency. Unlike traditional manhole covers, which are purely passive and prone to theft, damage, or neglect, smart manhole covers integrate advanced sensors and communication technologies to provide real-time data monitoring and control capabilities. These covers typically incorporate features such as weight sensors, vibration detectors, tilt alarms, and environmental monitoring devices that track temperature, humidity, and gas concentrations in the manhole or underground chamber.
The main objective of smart manhole covers is to enhance public safety by providing instant alerts if unauthorized access, cover displacement, or structural damage occurs. This minimizes risks of accidents, theft, or flooding caused by broken or open manholes. Additionally, smart manhole covers enable city authorities and utility companies to perform predictive maintenance through continuous monitoring, reducing costly emergency repairs and service interruptions.
Equipped with wireless communication modules (such as LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, or GSM), these intelligent covers transmit data to centralized management platforms, allowing remote access to condition reports and historical data analysis. Many models also support GPS tracking, making it easier to manage large numbers of covers across expansive urban or industrial areas.
Smart manhole covers are constructed from durable materials like cast iron, composite plastics, or stainless steel, ensuring resistance to harsh environmental conditions and heavy traffic loads. Their modular design allows easy installation and maintenance without disrupting existing infrastructure.
Overall, smart manhole covers are an essential component of smart city initiatives, contributing to safer streets, efficient utility management, and reduced operational costs. They are widely used in municipal sewer systems, telecommunications networks, power grids, and stormwater management to provide comprehensive, real-time infrastructure oversight.
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