One common mistake in pig farming is the incorrect selection of sows. Some farmers opt for cheaper fattening pigs for breeding purposes, leading to mixed-breed herds with varying body types, coat colors, and growth rates. This results in poor uniformity, lower fertility, reduced litter sizes, and decreased productivity. Additionally, some farms acquire older or unproductive sows that may carry diseases, further affecting performance.
Another critical issue is improper feeding. Many farmers use finishing pig feed for sows, which doesn't meet their specific nutritional needs. Others try to cut costs by using locally available but nutritionally incomplete feeds, sometimes relying on roughage without proper supplements. This leads to deficiencies in protein, energy, and essential minerals, directly impacting reproductive success.
Poor management practices also play a significant role. For example, young gilts are often overfed or underfed, leading to obesity or weakness. Sows are not properly managed during pregnancy and lactation, causing weight fluctuations that affect their ability to conceive and nurse effectively. Poor hygiene in the farrowing house increases the risk of disease transmission to piglets, while delayed culling of non-performing sows reduces overall efficiency.
To improve sow reproduction, it's essential to implement a strong vaccination program tailored to local disease threats. Regular disinfection, clean housing, and proper feeding schedules are also crucial. Feeding strategies should be adjusted according to the sow’s stage—increasing feed after weaning, controlling intake during pregnancy, and ensuring adequate nutrition during lactation.
Managing gilts properly, maintaining an ideal sow-to-boar ratio, and monitoring estrus cycles can significantly enhance breeding outcomes. Timely mating, stress reduction, and regular health checks help increase conception rates and litter sizes. Finally, maintaining a balanced sow age structure and eliminating non-productive animals ensures long-term herd productivity and profitability.
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