Early pruning of walnut trees can be done during dormancy. The key techniques include:
After a proper period of leaf fall, there is a wound exudation before bud break, so it's important to determine the optimal time for pruning. Not all injuries during dormancy lead to significant damage. After six years of observation, it was found that in the coldest winter (from late winter to early spring), when the daily temperature fluctuation is small, or when temperatures remain consistently above or below zero for a long time, the wound exudation is minimal or does not occur. Pruning under these conditions is safe and effective.
There are two main advantages to pruning during dormancy. First, it helps avoid losing large amounts of nutrients through leaves during the fall harvest, as the leaves do not reabsorb nutrients in autumn. This ensures sufficient nutrition for high-quality and high-yield production the following year. Second, it reduces the conflict between autumn and spring pruning, helping to manage busy seasons more efficiently. It also allows for better planning of tree care in both autumn and spring. Additionally, pruning outside of dormancy has little impact on growth and fruiting.
Three key principles of pruning
Pruning, often referred to as "plastic surgery," involves using appropriate cutting techniques to train and adjust the main branches of walnut trees, ensuring a balanced distribution of branches within the canopy. This promotes good air circulation and light penetration, which are essential for forming a high-yielding tree structure. In actual farming, the appropriate tree shape should be determined based on species characteristics, planting density, and management level. The general principle is not to overemphasize a specific tree form. Instead, the goal is to make the tree both visually and functionally well-pruned.
Our company uses the "single-layer happy shape" method, with 6-8 main branches arranged in layers. Once formed, the tree has a round shape, good ventilation, and strong light penetration, leading to high-quality and high-yield results. This technique is suitable for trees with a fixed height of 0.6 to 0.8 meters.
Two pruning methods
Early fruit tree pruning is based on the concept of shaping and maintaining the tree. It involves retaining and developing productive branches while removing unproductive ones. Pruning is a key measure to cultivate and maintain high-yield trees. The focus of pruning lies in controlling the second and long branches at the right time, removing dense branches, and managing lower branches. A combination of long-cut and short-cut pruning methods is used effectively. The second branches can be sparsely kept if they are strong, and the double branch renewal method is adopted to cultivate large branch groups for fruiting. In short, good air circulation and light penetration are the foundation of effective pruning.
Pruning during dormancy breaks traditional concepts, adds new knowledge to the study of walnut pruning, and the results have proven to be very promising. This approach is worth promoting widely among growers and professionals in the field.
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