**1. Site Preparation**
Before planting, the soil in greenhouses and plastic tunnels is deeply tilled to a depth of 25 cm to loosen the ground and encourage root development. It is recommended to mix 5,000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure per acre with 15–20 kg of diammonium phosphate and 150 kg of cake fertilizer. These materials are thoroughly blended into the soil. A wide rice bed is then created, with a height of 15 cm and a spacing of 50 cm between beds. The surface should be flat and finely tilled. Plastic film is covered 5–6 days before planting to raise the ground temperature, which improves transplant survival rates.
**2. Selection of High-Quality Varieties**
Choose early-maturing, disease-resistant, cold-tolerant, and low-light-tolerant varieties with a compact growth habit, concentrated fruit set, tender flesh, sweetness, and high yield. Varieties such as Mibao are ideal for greenhouse cultivation.
**3. Seedling Technology**
**3.1 Nutrient Soil Preparation**
Mix 3 parts of chicken or goat manure, 5 parts of Miaotian soil, 2 parts of humic soil, and 0.2% diammonium phosphate. Sieve the mixture evenly, then disinfect it using a 1,000-times diluted carbendazim solution. Adjust the moisture content by hand, and after sterilizing for 4 hours, fill the seedling trays with the nutrient soil and press it down firmly. Water the seedbeds before planting.
**3.2 Seed Treatment and Sowing**
Soak seeds in warm water at 55°C while stirring for 4–6 hours until the temperature drops to 30°C. Then, disinfect them in a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 2–3 hours. Rinse with a clean cloth wrapped in a wet cloth, and germinate at 30°C. Sow the seeds when about 80% of the sprouts reach the length of the seed itself. In double-layered plastic greenhouses, sowing typically occurs between February 25th and March 5th.
**Seedling Care**
Maintain a daytime temperature of around 30°C and a nighttime temperature of 18°C during the first few days. After three days, cotyledons will emerge, and the mulch should be removed to prevent leggy growth. Keep the temperature around 25°C during the day and 13–15°C at night. Seven to ten days before transplanting, gradually ventilate the greenhouse and harden off the seedlings. Water in the morning before 9 AM, keeping the field moisture at 60–70%. When the seedlings have developed a strong root ball, spray with 60 ml/kg ethephon to promote dwarfing and increase female flower production.
**4. Transplanting**
Transplant when the seedlings are 35–40 days old and have four true leaves. This is usually done between April 5th and 10th in greenhouses. Plant on the plastic sheet with a spacing of 60 cm between rows, 20 cm from the edge, and 35 cm between plants. Apply Yu Weiwei diluted 1,200 times to prevent blight. Cover the soil after watering.
**5. Field Management**
**5.1 Temperature Control**
Do not ventilate for five days after planting to increase ground temperature and promote root development. Once new leaves appear (after 5–10 days), the plants enter the active growth phase. Ventilate when the temperature exceeds 30°C and close it when it drops below 28°C in the afternoon. When the average daily temperature reaches 18°C, no need to cover the arch sheds. This usually happens around June 10th in Jilin.
**5.2 Pruning and Vine Management**
When the seedlings have four true leaves, remove the heart to encourage side vine growth. When the side vines begin to bear fruit, pinch back the first four leaves to promote main vine development. If the vines do not produce fruit, prune when they have three leaves to encourage fruit setting. Pinch back the four leaves before the fruit to promote even growth and early maturity, avoiding water and nutrient loss. Leave 3–4 fruits per plant.
**5.3 Fertilization**
As the fruits begin to set, apply 20 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu. During rapid fruit expansion, apply 30 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu to support fruit development. Later, spray 0.3–0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution two to three times.
**5.4 Watering**
Water immediately after transplanting, but avoid excessive irrigation to prevent root rot. Light watering 5–6 days after planting helps acclimate the seedlings. Water during the growing stage along with top dressing. During fruit expansion, ensure sufficient irrigation. Once the fruits mature, reduce watering to improve quality.
**5.5 Fruit Support and Turning**
Support the fruits with grass mats or woven mats to ensure even growth and uniform color. Turn the fruits 2–3 hours before sunset to promote even ripening.
**5.6 Disease Control**
For bacterial wilt, use 50% chlorothalonil at 1,500–2,000 times dilution. For powdery mildew, apply 20% triadimefon at 800 times. For aphids, spray 40% dimethoate at 1,000 times.
**6. Harvesting**
Harvest when the female flowers bloom 25–30 days later, the skin is bright, the pattern is clear, and the fruit has its characteristic color and fragrance. The hairs near the stem should fall off, and the fruit's top should soften slightly. Harvest when the fruit makes a hollow sound when tapped. Greenhouse harvest starts in late May to early June, while arch shed harvest is mid to late June.
Harvest in the early morning for best quality, though it may be less transportable. Alternatively, pick in the afternoon (1–3 PM) if needed. Avoid overripe fruits, as they become soft, lose sweetness, and spoil quickly. About 90% of the fruits can be harvested for local sale.
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