Peanuts require proper water and nutrient management during their growth period, especially from the time they start flowering to full fruit development. Insufficient water or fertilizer can lead to weak plant growth, yellowing leaves, and early aging, which reduces the green leaf area, limits photosynthesis, and decreases nutrient production. This ultimately affects dry matter accumulation and the transfer of nutrients to the pods, reducing yield. To prevent premature aging caused by nutrient deficiency, it is recommended to spray a solution of 0.3% to 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed with 1% urea at a rate of 50 kg per 667 m² during the fruiting stage. The best time to spray is on sunny afternoons, preferably after 4 PM. Spraying once every 10 days, usually 2 to 3 times, helps restore plant health and improve productivity.
In addition to nutrient management, controlling excessive vegetative growth is essential. As peanuts reach the full fruiting stage, the plant's energy shifts from leaf and stem growth to pod development. However, factors like high temperatures, heavy rain, poor light conditions, or overuse of nitrogen fertilizer can cause the plants to grow too vigorously, leading to dense foliage that hinders pod development. This results in reduced dry matter accumulation and lower yields. To address this, growers should implement measures to suppress vegetative growth and encourage reproductive growth, such as pruning or using growth regulators, which can significantly enhance peanut yield.
Water management is also critical. Peanuts are sensitive to waterlogging, especially in later growth stages. Excess moisture can lead to poor root development, increased disease risk, and reduced pod quality. If the field becomes waterlogged due to heavy rainfall, immediate drainage is necessary to avoid root rot and pod spoilage. In areas with high groundwater levels, raised beds or drainage ditches should be used to maintain optimal soil conditions for peanut growth.
Lastly, pest and disease control are vital in the later stages of peanut cultivation. Leaf spot disease is a common issue, causing damage to leaves, reducing photosynthesis, and leading to early defoliation. This can reduce yield by 15% to 20%, and sometimes more than 40%. To prevent this, apply a 1:1:300 Bordeaux mixture before symptoms appear, and treat with 50% carbendazim WP diluted at 800 times if the disease starts. Ground pests, such as larvae, can also harm the crop. When infestation reaches over 5%, use 10% imidacloprid WP for effective control. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to ensuring a healthy and productive peanut harvest.
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