Liu Yan Ye Bee, also known as the thick-walled leaf bee, is a species of solitary bee belonging to the family Megachilidae. Adults measure approximately 6 mm in body length and have a wingspan of about 16 mm. Their bodies are yellowish with distinct black markings, and their wing veins are predominantly black. The eggs are oval-shaped and appear pale yellow to white. The larvae range from 6 to 13.5 mm in length, cylindrical in shape, slightly curved, and exhibit a pale yellow or yellow-white coloration.
This species is commonly found on willow trees, where it specializes in feeding on leaves and forming galls. It has a one-year life cycle in northern regions of the Yellow River. Adults emerge between late April and early May, with peak activity occurring between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. They can reproduce through parthenogenesis just a few hours after emerging. Females lay a single egg inside willow tissue. The egg stage lasts 7 to 10 days, after which the larvae begin feeding on the leaf tissue, causing the affected area to swell and eventually form a "tumor-like" gall.
The galls resemble broad beans in shape, with a surface covered in small, scattered particles. Over time, they change color from green to yellow-brown, reddish-brown, or even purple. Most galls are located along the midrib on the back of the leaf, and when heavily infested, multiple galls may appear in clusters. Infested leaves often turn yellow prematurely and may fall off, which negatively impacts plant growth. The larvae feed from the 6th to 7th instar stages before overwintering, either in fallen leaves or within the soil.
For control, manual removal of galled leaves is effective, especially during autumn or after harvest. Burning infested material helps reduce population levels. Protecting natural predators such as parasitic wasps and lizards is also recommended. During the adult emergence peak (late April to mid-May), insecticides like fenvalerate, combined with abamectin, can be sprayed evenly on the canopy to kill adults. When larval infestations are severe, 1.5 to 2 kg of omethoate per 1,000 square meters of dry soil should be applied, followed by soil coverage. Alternatively, injecting 10 times diluted 40% oxamyl around the base of the trunk can help prevent and treat infestations effectively.
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