In recent years, garlic has increasingly faced the issue of bolting—where it produces flower stalks and seeds instead of bulbs. This phenomenon, scientifically known as secondary growth, is a major physiological challenge that affects both the yield and quality of garlic. It's also a common concern among farmers in garlic-growing regions. The problem is that in some fields, garlic plants tend to bolt extensively, which can significantly reduce bulb size and market value. The causes behind this are quite complex. As an agricultural technician working with postal services, agriculture, and rural development, I'd like to share the main reasons and preventive measures to help farmers address this issue effectively.
First, it's essential to choose a garlic variety that is well-suited for local growing conditions. Not all varieties perform equally well in different climates or soil types. Selecting the right variety can greatly reduce the risk of bolting.
Second, avoid using gibberellin-treated garlic cloves for planting. Additionally, garlic that has been stored under cold or constant temperature conditions should not be used for sowing, as this can trigger early flowering.
Third, select large to medium-sized cloves for planting and ensure proper sowing timing. As the saying goes: "Bai Lu is too early, Han Lu is too late—planting garlic in autumn is just right." Sowing too early increases the likelihood of bolting. It's important to maintain appropriate spacing between plants. In particular, fields where garlic is the main crop should be planted more loosely to prevent overcrowding. Also, avoid planting too shallow, as this can affect root development and increase the risk of bolting.
Fourth, apply fertilizers wisely to promote healthy sprout growth. A balanced approach to nutrient application is key. This includes using base fertilizers such as decomposed organic manure and bio-bacteria, along with NPK and micronutrients. In spring, apply a moderate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, avoiding both excess and deficiency. Keep the soil moist and consider combining humic acid-based fertilizers with anti-pest treatments like potassium sulfate, which have proven effective in reducing underground pests.
Fifth, protect garlic from frost damage, especially during the unpredictable "cold spring" period. Applying a specialized garlic spray like 2116 combined with a strong spirit can help strengthen the plants and improve their resilience to temperature fluctuations.
By following these practices, farmers can significantly reduce the occurrence of garlic bolting and ensure better yields and higher-quality bulbs.
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