Great umbrella parasol sand umbrella
Scientific name: Ardisia quinquegona Bl.
Family: Myrsinaceae (also known as Zijiniu Zijiniu in Chinese)
Common Names: Cinnabar root, Iron parasol, Iron umbrella
Plant Category: Evergreen shrub
Morphological Characteristics:
Ardisia quinquegona is a small evergreen shrub that typically grows between 0.8 to 1.5 meters tall, though it can occasionally reach up to 6 meters. The leaves are firm or slightly thick, with an elliptic or oblong-lanceolate shape, and sometimes appear as dilute oblanceolate. The leaf tips are acute or acuminate, and the base is cuneate. Leaves measure 10–17 cm in length and 1.5–3.5 cm in width, with nearly entire margins or sparse spiky serrations. The leaf edges have marginal glands, and both surfaces are hairless.
The inflorescence is a repeated umbel, glabrous, with lateral branches emerging from the top of the curve. The petals are white or purplish, measuring 6–7 mm in length, ovate, acute, and glandular. A papillary protrusion is found near the base on the inside of the petals.
The fruit is spherical, about 9 mm in diameter, dark red, and has less noticeable glandular spots.
Habitat and Distribution:
This plant is commonly found in valleys at elevations ranging from 430 to 1,500 meters, growing under hillside forests and in moist areas. It is native to provinces such as Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Guangdong, and Guangxi.
Growth Features:
The plant typically reaches a height of 20–90 cm. Its roots are thick, and the leaves are leathery, measuring 6–10 cm in length and 2–5 cm in width. The leaf margins are curled. It flowers in summer, with flowers arranged in an umbrella-like pattern. The flowers are white or reddish in color, drooping, and the fruits are spherical, about 8 mm in diameter. When immature, the fruits are light green, turning bright red when mature. The plant produces fruit year after year, making its flowers, leaves, and fruits highly ornamental.
Distribution:
Cinnabar root is mainly found in Shaanxi's Qinling Mountains and regions south of the Yangtze River. It often grows in shaded valley areas and is well-suited for indoor potted cultivation.
Medicinal Uses:
Cinnabar root is used as a whole medicinal herb. It helps improve blood circulation, reduce swelling, detoxify, relieve coughs, clear heat, and reduce fever. It is effective in treating bruises, joint rheumatism, coughs with phlegm, unexplained swellings, tonsillitis, leukorrhea, and dysmenorrhea.
Taste and Properties:
Flavor: Pungent, bitter, and neutral. It targets the Lung and Liver meridians.
Dosage:
Oral: 9–12 grams, decocted. External use: applied directly.
Distribution of Plant Resources:
Mainly distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, and Guangdong.
Latin Name: Ardisia hanceana Mez
Reference:
It was documented in the "New Compendium of Materia Medica."
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