Soybean cake is one of the major protein feeds in China. Its crude protein content (above 42%) is high, and its digestibility is good. The content of various essential amino acids is high, and it is rich in niacin, pantothenic acid and choline. Vitamins are good feed for pigs and poultry. The crude protein content is high. Due to the different oil extraction methods, it is generally between 40% and 50%. The content of essential amino acids is high and the composition is reasonable. In particular, lysine has the highest content in various kinds of cakes and feeds, reaching 2.4% to 2.8%, which is equivalent to twice that of cotton kernel cake, rapeseed cake and peanut cake. The ratio of lysine to arginine is more appropriate, about 100:130, which is compatible with a large amount of corn and a small amount of fish meal, and is particularly suitable for the amino acid nutritional needs of poultry. The contents of tryptophan (0.68%) and threonine (1.88%) in soybean cakes are also high, and they can complement amino acids with corn and other cereals. The shortcomings of soybean cakes are the lack of methionine, which is slightly lower than that of rapeseed cakes and sunflower cakes. It is slightly higher than that of cotton cake cakes and peanut cake cakes. Therefore, it is generally necessary to add additional gluten to the diets that mainly use soybean cake. DL-methionine can meet the nutritional needs of animals. Available energy. The crude fiber content of soybean meal cake (5.1%) is not high, mainly from soybean hulls. The nitrogen-free leachables are mainly sucrose, raffinose, stachyose and polysaccharides, and their starch content is low. Therefore, the available energy is high, which is also the common point of the cake-type feed. Soybean cake fat content and processing methods. In general, the pressed cake has more residual fat, which is about 4%, so the energy value is higher; the residual fat of the extracted wolfberry is less, about 1%, so it is lower than the energy value of the cake. Vitamins, minerals. The content of carotene (only 0.2 mg to 0.4 mg per kilogram), thiamine and riboflavin (3 mg to 6 mg per kilogram) in soybean cake was low, and the content of niacin and pantothenic acid was slightly higher (15 mg per kilogram~30 Mg), choline rich (up to 2200 mg ~ 2800 mg). The vitamin E content was high in soybean cakes containing more residual fat and shorter storage time. Minerals contain less calcium and about 61% of phosphorus is phytate phosphorus. The trace element selenium content is low, especially the soybean cake produced in the selenium-deficient area in the northeast is more serious. Soybean contains anti-nutritional substances such as trypsin inhibitor, hemagglutinin, goitre, anti-vitamin, phytic acid, urease, soybean antigen, lysine, saponin, estrogen, and flatulence factor. Most of them are inactivated by heating during the regular production of soya cakes, thereby reducing or losing their harmful effects. However, in some areas of China, when the soil is used to extract oil, or the temperature and time are not properly controlled when the soybean meal is produced by solvent extraction, soybean cakes will appear to be over-produced, and harmful substances contained in the soybean meal will have adverse effects on animals. The most important is that the anti-nutritional factors are trypsin inhibitors, which can cause animal growth inhibition, pancreatic hypertrophy and pancreatic hyperplasia, of which the greatest impact on poultry. Another antinutritional factor is a soybean antigen, mainly glycinin, - conglycinin, - conglycinin, g - conglycinin. They cause intestinal anaphylaxis in both pigs and calves, which is the main cause of diarrhea. The main antigens are glycinin and conglycinin.
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