First, the general feeding technology of dairy cows
1. Feeding times: Three times a day, each interval is approximately equal, at least 7 hours, and high-yielding dairy cows with a daily milk output of over 50 kg can be fed once.
2, feeding method: first coarse after the fine. The normal order is: silage - juiciness - concentrate - hay - free water.
3, drinking water is best to use free water, can not be forced.
Second, the amount of forage grass reserves
The amount of forage and feed that a mature dairy cow should stockpile and supply throughout the year is as follows:
1, 3000 kilograms of hay; 2) 4000-8000 kilograms of corn silage; 3, 2100-2,600 kilograms of concentrated feed; 4) 2-3% of the concentrate content of minerals; 5) 1000-5000 kilograms of root tuber or beetroot .
Third, the nutritional needs of dairy cows
1, growing beef nutrition needs
1) Yak nutrition needs. On the 7th day after birth, it began to make up grass and use grass stands and hanging grass to train yaks to graze. It is best to eat high-quality green hay freely. Yak began to add concentrates on the 10th day after birth, with specific formulas: cornmeal 40%, bean cake 30%, bran 27%, salt, bone meal, and auxin 1%, and 10-30 days old concentrates should not exceed 0.5 kg. On the day of 31-60 days, the amount of concentrate is 0.75 kg/day, and after 6 months of age, the amount of concentrate is 1.5 kg/day.
2) Breeding the nutritional needs of cows. The amount of concentrate feed is 1-1.5 kg/day before 1 year old, 2-3 kg/day after 1 year old, 14-16 kg/day for silage and tuber feed, and 4-6 kg/day for hay. Concentrate formula: cornmeal 60%, bean cake 25%, bran 10%, bone meal 2%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1%, salt 2%; or corn noodles 65%, cow concentrated feed 35%.
3) Youth cows need nutrition. During this period, good quality roughage (limited to feeding silage) should be given, and the standard amount of concentrate feed is 3-3.5 kg/day. In particular, increase the storage of vitamin A and calcium and phosphorus. Poor lyrical, in the case of normal digestion can increase the amount of concentrate input. It can be gradually increased to 4-7 kg/day in the first 2-3 months before delivery to meet the needs of large amounts of postpartum feeding concentrates, but not too fat.
Concentrate formula: cornmeal 50%, bean cake 27%, bran 20%, salt 2%, bone meal 1%; or cornmeal 60%, concentrated feed 40%.
2, adult cow nutrition needs
1) Perinatal period. Diversification of feed, feed more quality hay, and feed some light diarrhea feed, concentrate feed amount of 2-2.5 kg / day. Formula: 45% cornmeal, 25% soybean cake, 30% bran, best not to feed concentrate (including milk booster) before delivery. Prenatal breast edema should not be given more concentrate or juicy material, and feeding of silage is prohibited at this time. Should reduce the amount of salt, 25-50 grams per day can be. Exercise 2 hours a day.
Cow bran bran soup (1 kg bran, salt about 100 g, water about 10 kg, brown sugar 300 g) was given to the cow within half an hour after delivery. The temperature is 30-40 °C. If the cow is very thirsty, increase the number of drinking water.
After 2-3 days of delivery, gradually increase the fine material, and use the next day to increase the material method, each time to increase the fine material range of 0.5-1 kg, until the increase in the amount of concentrate milk does not rise and there is dyspepsia
2), lactation peak period. The general feeding principle is: mainly feed silage, green, and tubers, fine material not too much, otherwise it will affect the health and breeding of cows.
The ration uses a combination of high-energy (corn, silage, high-quality hay) and moderate amounts of protein (beancake, concentrated feed). Normal concentrate input, basic material 2 kg/day, another 2.5-3 kg of milk to feed 1 kg fine material, general feeding standard, daily milk 20 kg feeding 7-8.5 kg/day, daily milk 30 kg Feeding capacity is 8.5-10 kg/day, and daily milk production is 40 kgs, feeding 10-12 kg/day.
Under normal circumstances, the formula should be: cornmeal 50-55-60%, soybean cake 30%, 15-10-5% bran, salt 2%, bone meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate 2%, trace element additives 1%; or corn flour 50- 60%, dairy cattle concentrate 50-40%.
The amount of roughage fed was 1.5-4 kg/100 kg body weight for normal cows.
3) Mid-lactation. Milk production has gradually declined, with a normal decline of 5-7%. At this time, the appetite of dairy cows is strong, so as to supplement the negative nutritional balance that occurred during the previous period of lactation. Continue to feed with full-priced compound feed, and gradually reduce the amount of concentrate according to milk production.
Concentrate input, basic material 2 kg/day, 2-2.5 kg of fresh milk and 1 kg of fine material per product, feed formulation: cornmeal 55%, bean cake 25%, bran 15%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 2%, salt 2%, trace element additive 1%; or 60% corn flour, concentrated material 40% (normal standard daily milk 15 kg feeding 6-7 kg/day, daily milk 20 kg feeding 6.5-7.5 kg/day).
4) Late lactation. Feeding principle, every 2.5 kg of raw milk plus 1 kg of fine material, plus 2 kg of basic material, based on this increase 10-20% of the feeding standard, so that the cow can gradually restore weight, but the cow should not be too fat, affect The next milk production. The normal feeding amount is 5-6 kg/day. The formula is the same as in the mid lactation.
The proportion of roughage in the diet is higher, 55-60%, silage 15 kg/day, and hay about 10 kg.
5) Dry milk period. Diversification of feed, adequate drinking water, fine material to the amount of 3-4 kg / day. Formula: cornmeal 50%, bean cake 30%, bran 15%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 2%, salt 2%, trace element additive 1%; or corn flour 60%, concentrate 40%.
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