At present, various drawbacks brought about by the long-term use of traditional chemical pesticides have been highlighted: excessive pesticide residues in agricultural products, increased human and animal poisoning incidents, insecticide resistance, the number of natural enemies pests decreased, and the ecological balance destroyed. To this end, many highly toxic, high residue, persistent pesticides have been banned.
Since January 1, 2007, five highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides such as methamidophos, parathion, methyl parathion, monocrotophos, and phosphoamine have been completely banned from agriculture. After these pesticides are banned from use, how do you choose alternatives? As a botanical pesticide in biological pesticides (formerly known as "tertiary pesticides"), it is now favored by people.
At present, the varieties that have obtained the three certificates of pesticides are 0.1% Rhododendron-III EC, 0.3%, 0.5% Azadirachtin Insect EC, 2.5% Rhodamine EC, and 3.5% hypertonic rotenone EC, 0.20% and 0.36%. , 0.60% matrine aqueous solution, 0.23% matrine emulsion, 1.1% matrine powder, 10% nicotine emulsifiable concentrate, 27% oleic acid nicotine emulsifiable concentrate, 0.5% yoghurt lotion, 0.5% tremic alkali alcohol Solutions, 4.1%, 81% ethyl allicin EC, and more than 30 complex preparations based on these plant-derived pesticides. Registration targets for these pesticide species are mainly concentrated on pests on vegetables and cotton, such as aphids, cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moths, and cotton bollworms.
So, what are the advantages and disadvantages of plant-derived pesticides?
They have the following outstanding advantages: First, because the active ingredients they contain are natural substances, not artificial synthetic chemicals, there are smooth degradation pathways in nature after application, and less pollution to the environment; Second, due to plant pesticides The insecticides have many ingredients and unique modes of action, which make it more difficult for insect pests to produce drug resistance. Third, they are generally selective, have low toxicity to humans, livestock and natural enemies, and have relatively low development and use costs.
Of course, plant-derived pesticides also have some disadvantages, such as the complex structure of most natural product compounds, the inability to be synthesized or the cost of synthesis being too high, the decomposition of active ingredients, the complexity of formulation components, and the difficulty in standardization; most plant-origin pesticides work slowly, resulting in some farmers Friends think that the pesticide used has no effect. The number of sprays is large, the residual period is short, and it is not easy for farmers to accept; due to the geographical distribution of plants, there are many limiting factors in the selection of processing plants; the collection of plants is seasonal.
Plant-origin pesticides are generally aqueous agents, which are easily decomposed after exposure to sunlight or microorganisms, have a short half-life, and are rapidly degraded by residues. After being fed by animals, the enrichment mechanisms are poor. Therefore, the use of a large amount of plant-derived pesticides generally does not produce phytotoxicity, which in turn will reduce the pollution of pesticides to the environment. It is a truly pollution-free pesticide. At the same time, plant-derived pesticides also have nutritional effects on crops and can increase the nutritional value of agricultural products. Therefore, as people's demand for green foods becomes stronger day by day, people's understanding of plant-derived pesticides has become more profound.
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