In spring, temperatures gradually rise, rainfall increases, and pests and diseases begin to emerge. At the same time, some sensitive seedlings also start to grow. Given these conditions, it's crucial to enhance nursery management during early spring. Here are four key points to consider:
During early spring, the weather is highly variable, with frequent temperature fluctuations. Especially during rainy or snowy days, frost can occur unexpectedly, potentially damaging young seedlings. Therefore, frost protection measures must be taken seriously. For seedlings grown under cover, large greenhouses should be secured before cold spells or frosts. If necessary, additional covers such as straw mats should be placed over the greenhouse films. For high-value seedlings, small arch-shaped covers can be installed inside to maintain warmth. On sunny days, these covers can be removed to allow sunlight exposure. However, when the weather is clear and temperatures rise quickly, attention must be paid to controlling the internal greenhouse temperature to avoid heat damage. In open nurseries, windbreaks should be set up in the northern direction before a strong cold front arrives.
Spring is typically wet, with frequent rain and snow, which can lead to waterlogging in low-lying areas. Excess moisture in the soil not only lowers the temperature but also reduces permeability, hindering root development and even causing seedling death. This can delay their recovery from winter dormancy. To prevent this, drainage ditches should be dug around the nursery before the rainy season, and existing ditches should be cleaned. If no drainage system exists, new ditches should be created and existing ones deepened. Proper drainage ensures that after rain, the nursery remains dry. For drought-tolerant species like black locust, acacia, and privet, it’s important to drain water promptly to avoid high groundwater levels. A mix of shallow, well-drained soil combined with ash application can improve moisture retention and promote healthy seedling growth.
In early spring, some seedlings can be sown or propagated through cuttings. When applying basal fertilizer, organic materials are recommended. Without proper organic fertilizer, seedlings may suffer from root damage as temperatures rise. For newly emerging seedlings, fertilization should be done carefully—avoiding overly concentrated solutions. It’s best to use diluted compost tea or well-rotted animal manure. Chemical fertilizers should be avoided to prevent root burn.
Common diseases in spring seedlings include damping-off, blight, root rot, and anthracnose, with damping-off and blight being particularly prevalent. As temperatures rise and rainfall increases, disease incidence becomes more common and spreads rapidly, often leading to significant seedling loss. These diseases are primarily caused by fungi. Pythium thrives at soil temperatures between 12°C and 20°C, while Rhizoctonia and Fusarium prefer around 20°C. High humidity (10% to 100%) further promotes their spread. Since seedlings are still young and vulnerable, preventive measures are essential. After spring nursery management: 1) Improve drainage to lower water levels and reduce humidity; 2) Remove and destroy any infected seedlings immediately, and sprinkle lime powder around them to prevent re-infection; 3) Spray 0.5% to 1% Bordeaux mixture (50–75 kg per acre) or a 65% zinc sulfate solution every 10–15 days to create a protective layer on the plants and kill pathogens.
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