The serious pests and diseases of macadamia nuts are few, and precautions should be taken: 1 The redness must be thorough. 2 Each spraying can comprehensively control a variety of pests. 3 It is necessary to alternately use alternative pesticides in a timely manner to reduce drug resistance. 4 spray to protect the bees. 5 Some pests can use natural enemies to control, such as aphids and scale insects. These measures are very important for the production of nuts with low pesticide residues.
(I) Major diseases
1. Trunk Rot Disease Trunk rot disease is a fungal disease. It is endangered in nurseries and orchards. Diseases in orchards are mostly brought from the nursery and invade from the main injured tissue. Secreted parts secrete a dark brown gum and cause necrosis of the trunk. Rips or depressions, severe cortical necrosis, causing the plants to die. Heavy areas occur in humid areas.
Control methods: 1 Cultivate disease-free healthy seedlings and increase tree vigor. 2 scrape the cortex tissue of the diseased area and apply copper oxychloride slurry. 3 Seedling spray 58% thiazolycin Mn-Zn (Raydomir manganese zinc) 800 to 1000 times liquid.
2. Inflorescence Inflorescence Infectious disease is a fungal disease. Injury inflorescence is a small necrotic spot at the beginning, and it quickly infects the whole inflorescence. The inflorescence changes into a dark blackish color and does not fall off with dryness. Under light humid conditions, it is covered with a light gray hyphae. The incidence rate is related to temperature and humidity. 18 to 22°C and relative humidity of 95% to 100% are beneficial to the onset of the disease.
Control methods: 1 appropriate pruning flowering, so that the crown can be air and light. 2 spray 58% of methosulfuron 800 ~ 1000 times liquid, 64% antivirus 300 ~ 500 times liquid.
In addition, in recent years, the macadamia cultivation areas include reports of "rapid wilt disease" of adult trees in our country. It was originally characterized by the slight chlorosis of the leaves, followed by rapid browning and death. Some leaves fell before the plants died and the remaining leaves remained on the trees. In Guangzhou, the disease only appeared in the hot and dry seasons of late summer and early autumn. From the visible symptoms, the plants died in two or three days. Hawaii reported that it was caused by aphids and perforated gingivae that invaded the stem. We found that these plants had ring scars on the neck and neck. The key to prevention and control is to intensify the inspection of the park, early detection, timely scraping of the diseased area, and coating with fresh cow dung, mixing 200 mg of indole acetic acid (IBA) per liter of water, and properly dressing or moisturizing the soil to promote the production of upper cortical tissue in the fistula. The new root can prevent the plants from dead.
(b) Major insect pests Adult macadamia nuts have dense foliage and a wide range of insect pests. According to a preliminary survey conducted in Guangzhou from April to June, pests that injure macadamia in different degrees include 4 species of moths, 7 species of moths, 3 species of moths, 2 species of moths, and 2 species of small gray moths. There are 3 species of bag moths, 2 species of leafhoppers, 2 species of moth and wax moth, 1 species of thrips, 2 species of marginal moth, 3 species of codling moth, 1 species of moth moth, 1 species of muse and papilionidae, and 1 species of aphid, No less than 35 species.
1. Branches Pests The pests that are harmful to branches are mainly wood moths and leafhoppers. The larvae of the moth larvae invade the leaves of the seedlings and feed upwards, causing them to die. In the branch bifurcation, the entire branch breaks to death. The adults of leafhoppers spawn on a 1-year-old branch, causing them to die. Control methods: 1 Early detection of wood cocoon moth borer, injection of 40% omethoate 10 times with a syringe, yellow mud seal. 2 Cut off the spawning shoots of leafhoppers and concentrate them on burning.
2. Leaf-feeding pests Young larvae feeding on young leaves, such as nymphs, moths, and moths, feed larvae such as barbed moths and sack moths on mature leaves, causing difficulty in new shoots. Notch, severe branches bald. The larvae of the nymphs, moths, and moths are mainly endangered from April to June. The larvae of bag moths mainly occur from July to September.
3. Fruit pests The pests that feed on young fruit skin are mainly venomous, moth, and moth larvae. After feeding on the peel, they cause the peel to turn brown, and even feed on the whole fruit. The fruit pods are also fed into the seed shells before the seed shells are hardened to feed on the seed kernels, resulting in empty shells. After the seed shells are hardened, they are immersed in the peels to feed on the middle skins.
Hemiptera pests such as stink bugs, thrips, and Homoptera pests, such as moths, leafhoppers, and aphids, endanger the shoot's tip buds, flowers, and young fruit through sucking mouthparts. When the fruits of the developmental period are harmed, the kernels are light brown and have necrosis dents. Some early fall off, and some are mixed into the harvested fruits to reduce the quality of nuts.
Control methods: The prevention and control of the above-mentioned pests is mainly integrated prevention and control. 1 Strengthen the management of orchards, pruning in winter, clearing the garden, removing lumps, egg pieces, and bag moths, etc., and eliminate them collectively. 2 At the edge of the orchard, pig urine is used to absorb parasite flies to control stink bugs; release of parasitoids (Ikeley, Blattidae, etc.) and other predatory insects such as swine fever, grasshoppers, etc. will prevent larvae such as moths, moths, and moths. (3) Pesticide control is mainly based on pyrethroid pesticides, and is alternately used with non-pyrimidine pesticides. Such as 20% fenvalerate (fenchurch, fast extinguishment killing) 4000 to 8000 times solution, 5% rifazone 5000 to 10000 times solution, 10% cypermethrin (XinMianBao, MiebaiKe) 2000 to 4000 Times of fluid, 40% omethoate 800 to 1000 times liquid and so on.
(3) Rat rats have started to feed on the macadamia after the fruit embryo has solidified, resulting in complete loss of the nuts. Rats are also seriously affected by germination during seedling nursery.
Control methods: 1 Eradicate weeds in orchards and nearby areas, and keep the orchards clean. 2 Cut off the branches and leaves of the tree crown that droop to the ground, keeping at least 50 cm in height. 3 Trunks are tied with smooth-surfaced membranes or inverted trumpets to prevent rats from feeding on trees. 4 Nuts mature in shedding season, harvesting ground fruit drop before daily evening to prevent rats from feeding at night. 5 Regularly mouse and poison rat.
At ancient times, people picked up wild fruits, and they found the magic of Goji , The pictograph word "qi" in Chinese character just like a man knelt down at a Goji tree , the left of the character "qi" seems like a tree, and the right like a person bowed down. That means as early as four thousand years ago, people found that Goji can keep fit and role of longevity ,Goji has magic power to people`s life.
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